Information Access Paradigms Today

1. Information Access Paradigms Today CONCERT 2005 Taiwan Terry MacManus 20 Oct. 2005

2. Agenda • Introduction • Information Access Paradigms • The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher • ‘Common’ Information Access Paradigms • Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow • Wrap up and the future

3. The owner of many well known products/brands SilverPlatter - CONTENT AGGREGATOR Ovid - CONTENT AGGREGATOR Facts and Comparison ADIS International - PUBLISHER Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins - PUBLISHER SKOLAR MD CCH Legal Ovid Technologies, headquartered in New York, has Asia Pac offices in Sydney Hong Kong Kuala Lumpur Beijing Tokyo Ovid Technologies is a Wolters Kluwer company

5. Agenda • Introduction • Information Access Paradigms • The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher • ‘Common’ Information Access Paradigms • Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow • Wrap up and the future

6. My Information Access ParadigmAs at May 2005 • Electronic is now becoming the preferred access mode for customers. • The electronic access mode delivers global research on the desk top and helps create global rather than country specific research communities • The ‘exciting’ new world does not mean the death of print or the past • The world is not the same. Countries are at different stages • Internet is increasingly the medium while only a few years ago it was local intranets though local solutions will/are returning! • The owners of the content are increasingly taking control of the sales process. Non US markets now focused on for growth • Titles appear to be continually fluid from provider to provider • Customers are increasingly voicing concerns about the journal subscription system and there is increased talk of Open Access

7. Information Access The Librarian

8. Information AccessThe Librarian • Information Access - The Cost • Libraries are finding that their library budget is not keeping up with electronic (print) journal costs • 1998 – 2003 avge cost of journal rose by 58% (UK CPI = 11%) • 1996 – 2001 info resource budget of Uni decreased by 29% in real terms and avge journal increased by 41% • Many publishers are bundling content and libraries are paying for content they do not want • Ownership of content/ digitisation of content have now become core issues “…a clear pattern emerges of increasing prices against decreasing library budgets…” (UK government committee)

9. Information AccessThe Librarian • “…ten years ago, scientific journals took about 25 per cent of the materials budget, and currently that is 33 per cent and rising, which means in our situation that that is taking about half a million pounds a year out of the resources available for purchasing books and journals outside the scientific area - maps, music and electronic resources and so on. ….” (Cambridge University Librarian, 2004) http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/uc399-iii/uc39902.htm • “…we buy journals we do not necessarily want in order to acquire things that are wanted and is pushing more of our budget in the pockets of a smaller and smaller number of publishers. It is skewing the budget and reducing the money available for other things…” (Librarian, UK Parliamentary Committee 2004)

10. Information AccessThe Librarian • In 2003 Cornell University reviewed its policies on journal acquisitions. In the course of the review it noted • 1986 – 2001 the library budget at the main campus increased by 149% • 1986 – 2001 the number of periodicals purchased grew by 5% (Economist – August 7th 2004) Library budgets are not keeping pace with the price of journals • Librarians strongly promote Open Access to content. Many believe that the current model of access is no longer appropriate • Biomed Central • Public Library of Science

11. Information AccessThe Librarian “…Accordingly, the University's libraries, the System wide Senate leadership, and the Uni of Cal administration are taking action and committing themselves to evaluating scholarly communication in all forms including periodicals and monographs, and to finding the most cost effective methods of making scholarly work available to the world. The UC Libraries are working aggressively to: * stretch collections dollars by acting consortially to license online journals and reference databases; (UGC and JLCC) * inform themselves and faculty colleagues about the dimensions of and possible ways to address the crisis in the economics of scholarly communication; and * support alternative means for publishing scholarly materials that make high-quality peer-reviewed work available at an affordable price..” (Anita Stein, Managing Editor, Pancreas, UoC)

12. Information AccessThe Librarian New challenges, new responses , new responses • How can we facilitate access and assist users in navigating and making sense of the content? • What is the library budget situation? Should this come from our budget? • Who makes the decision on journal subscriptions? • Is my Internet access satisfactory? What about archive rights? • What is the technical infrastructure of the library? • What free content is available? How can we search utilise it?

13. Information Access The Researcher and Academic

14. Information AccessThe Researcher and Academic • With regard to information they • Want premium content made available as soon as published if not before • believe quality matters both in research output and publication the research is published in • Want their research made as widely available as possible • Are increasingly supportive of electronic access • Want to ensure their research rights are protected • Often prefer to keep print AND electronic • Attitude to electronic is often influenced by computer literacy/accessibiity • Many are supportive of the existing journal subscription system but increasing numbers are voicing their desire for alternatives

15. Information AccessThe Researcher and Academic Professor Williams, University of Liverpool, 2004 “I look at the functionality of my laboratories at the present time and I think they have been enhanced enormously over the past five years. My staff, my post-docs, my students have immense access to a wide variety of publications with tremendous facility. Comparing that to five years ago the time saved in technology is very, very significant….I see a very big difference in quality. It is the quality of the science that is being published and the quality of the publication media is of interest to me…” Professor Fry, Cardiff University, 2004 “Bundling has been extremely valuable for the users of journals because it has increased their access to journals enormously, particularly within groups of subject area…” Professor Crabbe, University of Reading, 2004 ‘The key for (academic research) is to get a wide audience, to get one’s science recognised and for it to be recognised not just for what it is but also, to benefit the institution form which it comes…we aim to publish in high profile journals….”

16. Information AccessThe Researcher and Academic How involved are the users (academics) in working with the assisting the librarians? • Many researchers are cushioned from the real cost of the publication • Libraries normally have to find the funds to pay for the publications • Academics do have power with publishers as they provide the research for the journals and they review/edit the papers • Academics want their research to be published in the top journals. It impacts their profile and enhances their job security Committee Summary “…It is disappointing that many academics are content to ignore the significant difficulties faced by libraries. Until they start to see the provision of journals as, in part, their problem, the situation will not improve….” http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/399/39908.htm#a27

17. Information Access The Publisher Content Owner Content Provider

18. Information AccessThe Publisher The Journal Publishing System is evolving • Print, Print + Electronic, Electronic Only, Electronic + Print • Premium content v secondary content v masses of free content Electronic Access has delivered enormous benefits • More research, new research papers and archival access is now being delivered • Elsevier in 2004 estimated that journal usage is going up by 75% each year and the cost of article downloaded is coming down by around 70% • In 2004, Blackwell Publishing noted the downloads had doubled over the past year • Elsevier calculated that 90% of all scientists have access to Elsevier content and 97% in UK • PPV is now increasingly popular & available form a range of publisher sites often purchased by non academics • Swets has PPV for almost 3,500 journals in SwetsWise, • Print on Demand (POD) is now possible for a range if titles • Content is now more accessible via the community be it via inter library loan, public library, university…..

19. Information AccessThe Publisher What about the increased costs of journals? • Some individual titles have increased in price significantly • Many libraries have purchased collections rather than individual titles & these have delivered better value • People are paying less per journal today than 10 years ago and are getting more journals at the same time. • In 1993 the average UK uni had access to 4,000 titles • In 2003 the average UK uni had access to 6,500 titles • The cost per article according to Blackwell Publishing rose from 1.77 gbp I998 to 1.82 gbp in 2003 • Online enables costs to be saved and to get more journals to more people • Bundled Pricing now being changed? • Size, institution, usage, the value of the content

20. Information AccessThe Publisher What about the lack of journal competition? Worldwide there are around 2,000 publishers representing thousands of societies…. • In 2003, Elsevier, BP, Macmillan, Wiley and Springer had 35% of UK market… • Some publishers focus on • Being author friendly • Aggressive in marketing • Being Content specialists • Delivering Added value technology • Customers are well informed (list servs) • University of California • Cornell University • Authors decide where to submit their material • Societies move form publisher to publisher • American Urological Association

21. Information Access The Internet Child The End User

22. Information AccessThe Internet Child, The End User • Let’s recognise that users are not the same • Few have detailed knowledge on content/publishers itself • Premium journals/Impact Factors…. • The reasons for requiring content vary dramatically • Levels of experience and ability to search are inconsistent • The need for speed of access; currency of content and precision of searching varies from user to user • Many just want full text, full text, full text • Some recognise the value of content searching/others don’t • The Internet Child • Want up to date content which is integrated to their work environment and accessible via their desktop • They expect the technology to work 24 hours a day from home, work and the library • They give little consideration to the cost of buying the content • They want simple and effective searching without having to learn about the indexes • They just want quick results. Many use Google & are likely to be ‘enchanted’ by the idea of Google Scholar

23. PDF V SGML Many users like PDF because they • Get the complete document as it appears in the journal • Are re-assured as it looks like the print • Easy to Save Under-estimate SGML even though it • Enables full integration with other journals/databases • Enables quick access to relevant part of the journals • Allows increased customisation • More efficient and precise searching

24. Information Access Paradigms = Professional Paradigms = Individual Paradigms = The Common Paradigms

25. The Common Paradigm1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less To create a quality collection, stakeholders need to • Understand the curriculum • Understand needs/expectations of faculty/staff and students • Ensure there is no duplication of titles • Focus on premium not secondary titles • Review freely available content • Create a benchmark list • Recognise the final list will be ongoing Stakeholders need to establish purchasing criteria • Archival/perpetual access to content • PDF and SGML availability • Back files covered • Price ($ v usage) • Embargoes • Currency of the content • Integration with other resources • Services – local language/local expertise/local implementation • Ease of purchase • Stability of Content

26. The Common Paradigm1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less A benchmark core list enables institutions/libraries to • establish priorities • Help determine where and what to buy titles from • Negotiate with each other to see if any cost sharing arrangements are possible You can use a range of techniques to create a benchmark list 1. Look at what other Universities subscribe to • National Library Catalogues • WEBCAT in Japan 2. Review Third Party Resources • Medical Library Association • http://colldev.mlanet.org/subject.html • Brandon Hill list (140 titles) (finishing) • Core Collection of Medical Books and Journals by Hague • ISI Impact Factors – ISI

27. The Common Paradigm1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less 4. Identify Creditable Content Resources ACP Journal Club (American College of Physicians) • http://www.acpjc.org/shared/journals_reviewed.htm 5. Review subjective and objective factors • Usage statistics • Academic opinion/input/needs 6. Review titles requested from document delivery services • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/onsite/rrjournals.html#LOCATIONS 7. Review which databases journals are indexed in • ULRICH’s 8. Work with local partners and vendors

28. The Common Paradigm2. Maximising Usage & Knowledge - Education Electronic content has led to librarians role being re-defined and user expectations becoming more demanding People now talk about, Librarians • Facilitating information access • Assist in navigating the resources efficiently • Assisting to Differentiate Core from non Core Content • Offer Instruction in the use of resources • Customising resources for specific user needs • Guiding through a hybrid of collections in print and electronic content • Creating an Electronic Gateway acting as the reference point for library access

29. The Common Paradigm2. Maximising Usage & Knowledge - Education Ease of use is important but so is knowing the content • Value of Indexing v Easy Searching • A&I databases v Full text For example: INSPEC - Abstract & Indexing Database • Over 7.2 Million Records • Over 350,000 records p.a. • Over 30 years of Electronic Data • Over 3,000 Journals & 3,000 Other Publications • 80+ Countries of Publication • 140+ Countries of Author

30. Documents Types in A&IINSPEC Journals 72.6% Other 2.1% Conference in Journal 8.5% Conference Articles 16.8%

31. Academic Press ACM AIP Allerton Press American Geophys. Union APS Astron. Soc. Pacific Elsevier Gordon & Breech IEE IEEE IOP Publishing Inst. Electron. Inf. & Commun Eng. Japanese Journal Appl. Physics Kluwer Academic Publisher MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing Opt. Soc. America Plenum Science Press SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. Springer-Verlag Taylor & Francis Univ. of Chicago Press Wiley World Scientific A&I contain International PublishersINSPEC’s Top 25 Publishers are

32. A&I contain International ResearchINSPEC has 80 Countries of Publication Percent

33. A&I contain International ResearchINSPEC has 140 Countries of Author Percent

34. Full Text Question Time Name five titles held by LWW? Name the best publisher for micro biology? What do ‘embargoes’ and ‘currency’ mean?

35. Full Text Question Time Name five titles held by LWW? Name the best publisher for micro biology? What do ‘embargoes’ and ‘currency’ mean? Why ask such silly questions?

36. The Common Paradigm3. Integrating the Content with Technology and Workflow Universities have already invested in Technology • OPACS/library catalogues • Networked computers • Intra and extra desk top access • Intra Library Loans and Document Delivery Content • Printed Journal and books • Electronic journals and books • Electronic Databases • Local Content - Indian • Curriculum Human Resources • Leading Researchers

37. Seamless linkage between databases, Journal & Books, Internet free resources on a minimum number of platforms OPAC Quality Book Electronic Databases Full Text Publishers Indian Content

38. Statistics need to be COUNTER compliant & easy to understand

39. Linking to your Full Text Linking MUST be allowed to any publisher, aggregator or provider of full text Linking MUST be well done Linking must support Open URL Linking software must be easy/reliable Linking require vendor honesty

40. You could integrate with content subscribed through Subscription Agents

41. You could integrate with content on Open Access/Free Web sites

44. Link your Database Investment With your full text investment

46. The Common Paradigm4. Working together as a common interest ‘team’ • Is it possible that vendors could • become actively involved in the implementation of their products in the library environment • provide more detailed information on individual journals and how they can be integrated into the library environment • recognise that there is more to a long term partnership than short term dollars • Embrace the concept of partner in deeds not just words • Help in the analysis of content • Is it possible that librarians could • see vendors as possible allies in securing funding • embrace the concept of partner (within reason) • see ‘vendors’ as something more than sharks waiting to pounce • Recognise that uneconomic pricing leads to instability of access

47. Agenda • Introduction • Information Paradigms • The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher • ‘Common’ Information Paradigms • Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow • Wrap up and the future • Personalisation, Customisation, Realisation of the Full Value of Electronic

48. Information Access Paradigms Today