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Energy Crop Production and Field Monitoring 29 Aug. 2007 National Agricultural Research Center Ken TANIWAKI, Haoming Hu

Energy Crop Production and Field Monitoring 29 Aug. 2007 National Agricultural Research Center Ken TANIWAKI, Haoming Hu. Energy Crop Production and Field Monitoring Energy resource and Biomass Energy Oil crop as biomass energy Oil crop production Field monitoring.

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Energy Crop Production and Field Monitoring 29 Aug. 2007 National Agricultural Research Center Ken TANIWAKI, Haoming Hu

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  1. Energy Crop Production and Field Monitoring 29 Aug. 2007 National Agricultural Research Center Ken TANIWAKI, Haoming Hu

  2. Energy Crop Production and Field Monitoring • Energy resource and Biomass Energy • Oil crop as biomass energy • Oil crop production • Field monitoring

  3. 2001 Agro-Energy Laboratory(NARO) 2006 Biomass Research Center (NARO) 1. Energy resource and biomass energy Chronicles around Biomass • 1992 Rio de Janeiro “The Earth Summit” UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Convention on Biological Diversity are concluded • 1997 COP3 Kyoto Protocol • 2000 Clinton’s State of the Union：Increase B.M. production up to triple • 2007 Bush’s Energy Initiative: using 35 billion gallons of alternative fuels by 2017

  4. Renewable energy has almost same life span as sun and earth.= 5,000,000,000 yr.? Comparison of energy resources Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization (2007) Reserves of energy resources

  5. Comparison of renewable energy Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization (2007) Rance tidal power plant wind energy output dispersion Tidal energy solar energy daily change Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization (2007)

  6. Comparison of energy cost us$/kwh Energy cost of deferent resources in Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization (2007)

  7. Comparison of energy usability Energy usability matrix So, among renewable energy, biomass used to be our most familiar energy resources in our history

  8. 2. Oil crop as biomass energy Wood Plant Seaweed Algae Straw Husk Ethanol Plant Oil Animal fat Animal waste Waste food Sludge Etc. Bio-ethanol and Bio-diesel become highlighted.

  9. BDF(Biodiesel fuel) Fatty acid1 Fatty acid2 Fatty acid3 Biomass is produced by photo synthesis Lipid C18H30O2 in seed Protein ethanol mineralCa,Na,K,Fe,etc. carbohydrate Photo&biosynthesis Calvin-Benson cycle C6H12O6 in Leaf CO2 water,fertilizer,mineral

  10. Biomass is produced by photo synthesis carbohydrate reduction Energy is accumulated as oil in oil body lipid glycerol oxygen fatty acid hydrogen carbon C. Somerville. Et.al , Lipid,.2000 Bio-synthesis of lipid

  11. Caloric value of materials Kcal/kg Energy density of biodiesel is higher than that of ethanol

  12. Comparison of ethanol and BDF(Bio diesel fuel ) Energy input or output of per energy in biofuel Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels, Jason Hill et.al. 2006 PNAS NET ENERGY BALANCE

  13. Major oil crop and its yield K.Okada by FAO STAT 2005 Jatropha can grow even in not arable land

  14. 3. Oil crop production flower Ex. Rapeseed production Photo synthesis takes place even in rape shell rapeseed

  15. Selection of cultivars Ⅰ ．Erucic acid free heart disease Ⅱ ．Glucocinolate free meal can be used as feed Ⅲ ．Proper cultivars for local climate cold temp response Ⅳ ．High yield enough growth period Ⅴ．Avoid contamination of pollen every year

  16. Precision seeding works for high yield precise seeding with vacuum seeder is adaptable for double cropping of rapeseed in winter and sunflower in summer.

  17. Double cropping after rice 5cm Effective drainage（Watanabe 2006) Cross sectional view of ridge

  18. Harvesting Total working time 10-30 hours/ha Total cost in fully mechanized production system 90-220us$ /ha Combine harvester

  19. 4. Field monitoring for energy crop Brassica napus = Rapeseed Low chemical fertilizer sensitivity Organic nitrogen contributes its growth Iron may serve its growth Boron is inevitable Would distribute glucocinolates from its root that control neighboring plant

  20. There are several hazards against ample amount of yield birds Seeding season Harvest season People sometimes become robber Budding season Mouse under snow may eat eat leaves Ripening period is quite short Under snow Harvest season

  21. Eventually contradiction between energy and food usage of biomass crop has been emerged e.g.. corn for food or ethanol biomass crop would not fit for arable land Enrich field By root development Introduce oil crop Into the field Introducing cultivars into abandoned fields Field monitoring Optimize energy and food cultivar selection agriculture

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