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ATOC 4720 class20

ATOC 4720 class20. Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm. From class-19:. [1]. Thermoelectric effect in ice: T- degree C; V--mV. [2] Supercooled water in clouds. Class-19:. 3. Lightning and thunder.

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ATOC 4720 class20

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  1. ATOC 4720 class20 • Clouds and storms 1. Cloud morphology 2. Types of clouds 3. The air-mass thunderstorm

  2. From class-19: [1] Thermoelectric effect in ice: T- degree C; V--mV [2] Supercooled water in clouds

  3. Class-19: 3. Lightning and thunder Dielectric breakdown: V>3MV/m (dry) V>1MV/m Moist with 1mm in radius; Lightning: T--30,000K; Thunder: Shock waves;

  4. 1. Cloud morphology Clouds: Mechanisms of formation [1] Convective clouds: local ascent of warm, conditionally unstable air; 0.1-10km in diameters; Vertical velocity w: a few m/s; Liquid water or ice content:

  5. [2] Layer clouds: stratus Forced lifting of stable air: Examples: fog is forced lifted upwards; cold fronts lift warm air mass Hundres--thousands km; Lifting rates: a few cm/s; Water: a few tens Tens of hours

  6. stratus

  7. [3] Orographic clouds Forced lifting of air by hills or mountains Uplifting velocity depends on windspeed and direction, And mountain height. Can be a few m/s; Water: a few tens Can be transitory, or can stay for long if winds are Steady. Lee waves can also produce orographic clouds; http://www.faa.gov/and/AC0057/AC0057.HTM

  8. Orographic clouds

  9. [4] Advection fog: Cooling of air below its dew point due to warm air is Advected to a colder surface.

  10. Fog

  11. [5] Arctic sea-smoke (steam fog) Meeting of two parcels of air with different temperatures; both close to be saturated.

  12. Arctic sea-smoke

  13. [6] Funnel clouds Adiabatic expansion and cooling due to a rapid local Reduction in pressure. Tornadoes or water spouts.

  14. Funnel clouds

  15. Funnel clouds

  16. [7] Instabilities (Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities) Strong wind-shear modify cloud shape;

  17. Billow clouds: K-H instability

  18. Types of clouds Many types: (International cloud Atlas) Cumulus: Stratus Cirrus Nimbus (combination) Cirrostratus

  19. Cumulus

  20. Cumulus tower

  21. Cumulonimbus

  22. Stratus

  23. Cirrus clouds

  24. Cirrostratus: halos

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