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Development of Low Lin and Other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Farm Bureau Convention

This presentation discusses the development of low linolenic fatty acid, low phytate, and food-grade soybean varieties for Virginia farmers. It covers the objectives, challenges, and potential benefits of breeding for specialty traits. The presentation also includes information on molecular markers and their use in DNA genotyping.

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Development of Low Lin and Other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Farm Bureau Convention

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  1. 2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Dr. Katy Martin Rainey Crop Genetics Group Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department Virginia Tech http://cropgenetics.vt.cses.edu

  2. Soybean Breeding @ VT F1  F2  F3  F4 Regional Cooperative Tests Maturity Group 3 Maturity Group 4 Maturity Group 5 Maturity Group 6

  3. Soybean Breeding @ VT Molecular Markers for DNA genotyping

  4. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Value-added Soybean = Specialty Soybean Traits

  5. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT What are Specialty Soybeans? • In the eyes of the buyer • Output traits • Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer • Earn a premium over commodity price • Usually short-term • Cost more to produce • Require alternative marketing and delivery channels

  6. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Breeding for Specialty Traits… • Selecting for yieldandspecial traits • Quality traits sometimes more important than yield • Resource-intensive • Varieties have longevity • Exploit a niche Germplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease

  7. Edamame Bacterial Pustule

  8. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Outline • Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) • Low Phytate • Food-grade • Bioactive compounds

  9. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Outline • Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) • Low Phytate • Food-grade • Bioactive compounds • trend • regional concern • regional niche • expertise

  10. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Linolenic Fatty Acid

  11. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Linolenic Fatty Acid

  12. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Currently no low lin varieties later than maturity group 3. Maturity Group 3 Maturity Group 4 Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Maturity Group 5 Maturity Group 6 Low lin oil must be below 3% linolenic fatty acid.

  13. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Objectives • To develop a maturity group 4 low lin soybean variety, that is adapted to Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region, with herbicide tolerance. • Promote healthier and more valuable soybean oil by elimination of need for hydrogenation. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid

  14. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Better Bean Initiative • Source: NC State and USB quality traits test • Adapted germplasm • Environmental influence Low Linolenic Fatty Acid

  15. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Better Bean Inititative • Source: NC State and USB quality traits test • Adapted germplasm • Environmental influence=local adaptation Low Linolenic Fatty Acid % Lin for Virginia Tech Variety

  16. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Local adaptation Low Linolenic Fatty Acid

  17. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid 2007: 105%

  18. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

  19. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid • Purple Seed Stain Resistance • Higher protein: 44.7% dry • MG V • Not RR • Release for 2008

  20. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers without GAT with GAT

  21. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Low Lin V98-9005 Low Saturated Mid Oleic

  22. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Other Low Lin lines 2007: 107%

  23. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3% • Parental varieties: • Maryland • NC • Missouri F1  F2  F3  F4 funded by VDACS

  24. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Linolenic Soybeans • Eliminate need for hydrogenation • Regional adaptation for FA content • Release 4% and 3.5%RR varieties • V98-9005 GAT • Germplasm for other FA traits • Using Molecular Markers

  25. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Low Phytate Soybeans • Reduce Phytate  Increase Available P  • Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed  • Reduce P in Manure

  26. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce P in Manure Chesapeake Bay watershed

  27. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans

  28. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT • Objectives • Move the traits into high-yielding germplasm in a range of maturity groups. • Characterize traits for inheritance, germination, feed qualities, molecular markers, etc. Low Phytate Soybeans - Unique Source! In collaboration with the Maroof lab.

  29. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans Data from Maroof lab, in publication

  30. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans

  31. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans • Reduces nutrient pollution • Unique source of trait at VT • Several seasons away from a high-yielding variety • Marker Development

  32. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Food-grade Soybeans • Small-seeded natto • Large-seeded tofu

  33. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Natto small-seeded soybeans • Local niche • High premiums • Source material within the program • MFS-591 dominant • New traits and methods of evaluation and selection • Markers

  34. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Examining new traits • Water absorption • Water Loss after steaming • Rate of water uptake • Seed coat cracking Gene vs. Environment • 7 locations • 2 years • Double Crop vs. Full Season

  35. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Large-seeded soybeans • Tofu, soymilk, edamame • High protein and sucrose • Lower yielding • Organic traits ? Objective: Find new markets for existing lines

  36. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Large-seeded soybeans 2003 2006

  37. Membrane Lipid Cancer CHD Neurological DNA Protein Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Bioactive Compounds in Soybean • Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals • Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes • Initial data show difference between varieties in Virginia O2-, HOO H2O2, HO Protect cells Preventchronic diseases oxidative stress Antioxidants Research in collaboration with Kevin Zhou, Dept Food Science and Tech. funded by VDACS

  38. Other Objectives: • Yield !!! • RR2Yield • Disease Resistance • Earliness • Genetic Diversity

  39. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary • Low Linolenic • Low Phytate • Food-Grade • Bioactive Compounds

  40. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary - Varieties • Low Linolenic • Low Phytate • Food-Grade • Bioactive Compounds • 1-2 years • 5 years out • ongoing • preliminary

  41. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VTSummary - Molecular Markers • Low Linolenic • Low Phytate • could use • in development • Currently using for herbicide tolerance

  42. Cultivars released Public (4) Industry (many) SSR markers Public (common use) Industry (common use) SNP markers Public (initial use) Industry (common use) STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN BREEDING CURRENT SITUATION RFLP $2.00 cost / datum SSR $1.50 SSR $1.00 SSR $0.50 SNP $0.00 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

  43. Acknowledgements

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