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Femto-Photography:

Femto-Photography:. John Norris 11/26/2012. Science Inspired by Art. What is Femto-Photography?. Ultra high-speed photography Can capture light (photon packets) in motion similar to bullets in traditional high speed cameras Current resolution capability is ≈ 1.7 ps

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Femto-Photography:

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  1. Femto-Photography: John Norris 11/26/2012 Science Inspired by Art

  2. What is Femto-Photography? • Ultra high-speed photography • Can capture light (photon packets) in motion similar to bullets in traditional high speed cameras • Current resolution capability is ≈ 1.7 ps • 1 picosecond = One trillionth of a second • 1,000,000,000 ps in a second • Resultant frame rate: ≈ 5E11 fps (0.5 trillion frames / second) • Light sources have extraordinarily small pulse durations • Range in magnitude from 10 – 100 fs • 1 femtosecond = 1 quadrillionth of a second • That means there is 1,000,000,000,000,000 fs in a second!

  3. How Is It Done? • Many Pre-existing Techniques • LiDAR • Optical Coherence Tomography • Pulsing light source • Titanium-Sapphire laser • Directed to target via mirrors • “Streak” camera • Not an actual camera • Scans very narrow sliver of target field • Several rotating mirrors direct photons to lens • Captures roughly a 1-D movie each scan • Computer reconstructed “average” of millions of scans • Improvement over other techniques • Captures ballistic and Indirectly reflected photons

  4. Pump Laser Titanium-doped Sapphire Titanium-doped Sapphire

  5. Target Field Traditional Camera Traditional Camera Laser Beam Reflector Field Scanning Mirrors Field Scanning Mirrors

  6. Who Is Doing It? • Research group at MIT: • Ramesh Raskar, Associate Professor, MIT Media Lab; Project Director • Andreas Velten, Postdoctoral Associate, MIT Media Lab • Moungi G. Bawendi, Professor, Dept of Chemistry, MIT • Everett Lawson, MIT Media Lab • Amy Fritz, MIT Media Lab • Di Wu, MIT Media Lab and Tsinghua U. • Matt O'toole, MIT Media Lab and U. of Toronto • Diego Gutierrez, Universidad de Zaragoza • Belen Masia, MIT Media Lab and Universidad de Zaragoza • Elisa Amoros, Universidad de Zaragoza • Other Contributors: (Femto-Photography Members) • Nikhil Naik, Otkrist Gupta, Andy Bardagjy, MIT Media Lab • Ashok Veeraraghavan, Rice U. • Thomas Willwacher, Harvard U. • Kavita Bala, Shuang Zhao, Cornell U.

  7. Dr.’s Raskar & Velten

  8. Other Projects? • Many other scientists working in the same field at different institutions • Dr. Raskar and team have also contributed to many other projects • Portable Projectors • Glasses free 3-D displays • Femtosecond transient Imaging • Research Publications date back to 2008

  9. Things to note: Halo around central pulse Captive photons in container material? Surface reflection Interference Scattering phenomenon Fish Tank

  10. Things to note: Halo around central pulse Light haze trapped in air pockets Label Reflection Impact and scattering phenomenon Reflected “glow” and invisible packets Length of Coke Bottle: ≈ 11 in ≈ 28 ± 1 cm Traversal Time: ≈ 1.245 ± 0.04 ns Frame Rate: (16s video length) ≈ 373 ± 18 billion fps (pretty close) Coke Bottle

  11. Practicality and Uses • Currently quite impractical • Limited by scanning rates • Size of targets • Inability to process target motion • Potential uses in the future • Medical Imaging • Infinitely better than ultrasound • Maps how photons scatter volumetrically • 3-D color photograph of internals!!!! • Industrial/Scientific • Non invasive structural testing of materials • Defect analysis • Consumer Photography

  12. Things to note: Non-uniformities Surface Interior Propagation pulsing Optical Illusions Unexpected behaviors Video Contents Rock candy, laser pulse through orange, and reflection off of the corner of a “room” Internal Structure

  13. References • "Visualizing Light at Trillion FPS, Camera Culture, MIT Media Lab." Visualizing Light at Trillion FPS, Camera Culture, MIT Media Lab. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. <http://web.media.mit.edu/~raskar/trillionfps/>. • "Streak Camera." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Nov. 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streak_camera>. • "Optical Coherence Tomography." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Nov. 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_coherence_tomography>. • "Ti-sapphire Laser." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti-sapphire_laser>.

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