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6.6 Hormones & Reproduction. Endocrine system. Produces and releases hormones Hormones travel in the blood to target tissues Long distance communication between cells. Endocrine Glands. Blood stream. Hormone. Target Tissue. Homeostasis.
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Endocrine system • Produces and releases hormones • Hormones travel in the blood to target tissues • Long distance communication between cells Endocrine Glands Blood stream Hormone Target Tissue
Homeostasis • Ability of the body to maintain stable internal conditions regardless of external conditions • Hypothalamus monitors the following: • Blood pH • Carbon dioxide concentration • Blood glucose concentration • Body temperature • Water balance
Negative Feedback Loop • When a change in the body is detected, the body elicits are response to being the altered level back to where it was before the change.
Thermoregulation • Maintaining body temperature at 98.6 degrees • Regulated by hypothalamus and thyroid
Blood glucose levels • Must be maintained within a narrow range • Regulated by the hypothalamus • Regulated by two antagonistic hormones by produced by the pancreas (pancreatic islet cells) • Alpha cells produce glucagon (increase glucose levels) • Beta cells produce insulin (decrease glucose levels)
Type I and Type II Diabetes • Disease where you are unable to control glucose levels • Type I • Islet cells lose their ability to produce insulin • Possible causes • Autoimmune response, viral infection or genetics • Type II • Results when cellular receptors for insulin fail to respond to the hormone • Causes • Obesity or possibly genetics • Can be reversed by diet and exercise
Applications of Hormone Use • Can be used to treat or detect disorders of the endocrine system