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Computing Systems

Computing Systems. EC4012PA PIC 18F4520. Chapter 1. Introduction. What is a Computer?. Processor Input Devices Output Devices Memory Devices. Processor. A processor is also called the central processing unit (CPU) . The processor consists of at least the following 3 components:

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Computing Systems

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  1. Computing Systems EC4012PA PIC 18F4520

  2. Chapter 1 Introduction

  3. What is a Computer? • Processor • Input Devices • Output Devices • Memory Devices

  4. Processor • A processor is also called the central processing unit (CPU). • The processor consists of at least the following 3 components: • A register • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU). • Control unit.

  5. Microprocessor • is a processor in a single ic chip • a microcomputer is a computer that uses a micro-processor as its CPU. • is referred to as 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit. • word length of the microprocessor.

  6. Microprocessor • is not designed to deal with I/O. • interface chips are needed. • External memory chips are needed to hold programs and data • Glue logic is required to interface with the memory chips, • Peripheral chips are needed to interface with I/0 devices.

  7. What is a Microcontroller ? CPU Timer/Counter UART ADC, DAC DMA I/O, Serial, Parallel Ports Memory 7

  8. Address Bus Memory CPU I/O Clock Block Diagram of a Microcontroller ALU Register Control Input Devices Output Devices RAM [Data] ROM [Program] Stack Data Bus Control Bus

  9. Common characteristics of Microcontroller • “Embedded” inside the products we use everyday. • “Dedicated” to one task / one specific program • Designed for “low-cost, small, low-power performance”.

  10. What is a Microcontroller use for ? MCU

  11. Microcontroller is Everywhere • Consumer Market – includes home appliances: • washing machines, • TV remotes, • MP3 players, • VCR and refrigerator

  12. Microcontroller is Everywhere • Automotive market • remote keyless entry, • antilock braking and • air bags

  13. Microcontroller is Everywhere • Office automation • PCs, • keyboards, • mouse, • modem, sound card, • copiers, scanner and printers

  14. Microcontroller is Everywhere • Telecommunications • cellular phones, • PSPs, • pagers and • answering machines

  15. Microcontroller is Everywhere • Industrial products • door locks in hotel rooms, • battery chargers and • industrial machinery

  16. Memory • Programs and data are stored in memory in a computer. • A computer may contain: • semiconductor ; • magnetic (harddisk); and • optical (cdrom, DVD).

  17. Memory • Semiconductor memory can be further classified into two major types: • random access memory (RAM) and • read-only memory (ROM).

  18. RAM • Volatile - cannot retain data in the absence of power. • also called read write memory. • Reading memory is nondestructive. • Writes data will overwrite the old data.

  19. RAM • Two types of RAM technology: • static RAM (SRAM) and • dynamic RAM (DRAM).

  20. ROM • Read_Only memory is non-volatile , it retain data in the absence of power. • Data stored in these chips is either • unchangeable or • requires a special operation to change.

  21. Thank You

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