Wireless GIS (w-GIS) for r eal time d ata logging

1. Wireless GIS (w-GIS)for real time data logging Nitin K. Tripathi (Speaker) Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok Nitinkt@ait.ac.th Phisan Santitamnont , CU Pakorn Apaphant , GISTDA Prasad R. Bauchkar, AIT Vasan Choengsa-ard, AIT Geo-Informatics & Space Technology Development Agency Asian Institute of Technology Chulalongkorn University

2. Introduction • Emerging technologies, Internet, Wireless communication and mobile computing device changing way of using GIS • Growing demand for Internet due to real time information needs • Traditional static GIS became Wireless and operations possible on the fly • Wireless + Mobile Technology Ready-to-Use GIS

3. Issues • Traditional GIS is in static environment -Limitation • GIS analysis should be possible through any browser (no GIS software needed) • Real time GIS needs data acquisition, upload, update and retrieval directly from field • Non-availability of comprehensive system for real time data updating

4. Trend Wireless GIS Internet GIS Accessibility Desktop GIS Mainframe GIS Time

5. Wireless GIS GPRS Network Operator TCP/IP access to GPRS network Internet PDA + GPS +Digital camera +mobile phone Web Server+ Dastabase+ Applications

6. GIS Data 3-Tiers Architecture Web Application Spatial Data Repository PDA Web Browser GPS Autoloading Program

7. Benefits- Open Source Software • Cut down budget • Opportunity for technology exploration • On-the-job training and education • Prototyping and demo • Excellent tools for research and development

8. Minnesota MapServer • Developed at UMN Remote Sensing Lab • Funded by NASA “Mission to Planet Earth” • Started as Arc/Info AML generation script • Built on top of standard Open-source projects like GD, FreeType, Proj.4 and libTIFF, Shapelib • Implemented as a CGI program • Written in ANSI C • Source distribution : UNIX, Window

9. Interfacing with MapServer

10. Spatial Database Offerings • ESRI ArcSDE (on top of several different DBs) • Oracle Spatial • IBM DB2 Spatial Extender • Informix Spatial DataBlade • MS SQL Server (with ESRI SDE) • Geomedia on MS Access • PostGIS / PostgreSQL

11. PostgreSQL/PostGIS = SFSQL Spatial DB • PostGIS spatially enables PostgreSQL by adding spatial objects, functions, and indexing. • PostGIS aims to be an “OpenGIS Simple Features for SQL” compliant spatial database • PostGIS is free software (GPL) • PostGIS follows the OpenGIS Simple Features for SQL • PostGIS is an important component in open and free GIS. • PostGIS is an important building block for all future open source spatial projects.

12. PostgreSQL/PostGIS = SFSQL Spatial DB • Why choose PostgreSQL/PostGIS? • No cost (open source) • Supports most of the SQL standard • Ability to add new data-types • No limit on column size • Easy to add custom functions • One of the only open, respected standards • Participation by the major GIS/DB organizations • Other spatial DB are at least partially compliant • SFSQL provides complex functionality required by Web Feature Server / Web Map Server

13. Wireless Network SUBMIT DATA Wireless Spatial Data Logger Process OUTPUT Shape file PHP Raster file MapServer RDBMS PostgreSQL +PostGIS Program GPS + Attribute GIS Data Web Server

14. OUTPUT Shape file Raster file Wireless Network RDBMS PostgreSQL +PostGIS MapServer REQUEST Map Viewer Process PHP Program GIS Data Web Server

15. Spatial Relational Database Design

16. Hardware Profile

17. 1. Locate point of interest 2. Submit upload form 3. View result 4. Query by point Field Test

18. Samples of user interaction and available maps

19. Using the tool

20. Field Test

21. Applications • Flood Monitoring • Forest Fire • Farm Management • Map Updating • Environment • Natural disaster and hazard management • Tourism

22. nitinkt@ait.ac.th Thank you

23. Contact • Dr. Nitin K. Tripathi Associate Professor Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand Phone : +66-2-5246392 Email : nitinkt@ait.ac.th • Dr.-Ing. Phisan Santitamnont Assistant Professor Survey Engineering Department Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Tel : +66 (0) 2218-6661 E-mail : Phisan.S@eng.chula.ac.th

24. Wireless/Handheld Spatial Data Logger Workshop on Nitin K. Tripathi Phisan Santitamnont Prasad R. Bauchkar Vasan Choengsa-ard Asian Institute of Technology Chulalongkorn University The Asian Federation of Information Technology in Agriculture

25. Introduction • Emerging technologies; Internet, Wireless communication • and mobile computing device changing way of using GIS • Growing demand for Internet due to real time information • needs • Traditional static GIS became Wireless and operations • possible on the fly • Wireless + Mobile Technology Ready-to-Use GIS

26. Wireless GIS Accessibility Internet GIS Desktop GIS Mainframe GIS Time

27. Problems • Traditional GIS is in static environment • GIS analysis should be possible through any browser • without GIS software installed • Real time GIS needs data acquisition, upload, update and • retrieval directly from field. • Non availability of system for real time data updating

28. Internet GIS • GIS + WWWInternet GIS • Similar to the client-server architecture of the web • Users can access, manipulate and retrieve GIS data • without necessity of GIS software.

29. Thick client (Client) : • Display client request. Client Side • Thin client ( Server) : • Store information and • executes client request Server Side

30. Wireless GIS • Mobility + Wireless connectivity + GIS = Wireless GIS • Inexpensive hardware, standardized communication protocols • and innovative software made possible to deploy GIS • functionality in a mobile computing environment • Provide the facility to extract particular sets of information • where it is needed

31. Mobile Switching Center Web Hosts/Servers A Simplified Cellular Network

32. Third Generation (3G) • Wireless Technologies • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) • Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

33. ITU specification for the third generation of mobile communications technology. Bandwidth, up to 384 Kbps when a device is stationary or moving at pedestrian speed, 128 Kbps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications. Work over wireless air interfaces such as GSM, TDMA, and CDMA. • 3G • GPRS Standard for wireless communications Runs at speeds up to 115 kilobits per second

34. A digital cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum • CDMA • WLAN A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes

35. Open Source • Free to use – no licensing fees • Duplicate software and installed on any machine • Full Access to source code • Highly responsive to end-user requirements

36. Produces maps of georeferenced data • Web Map Service (WMS) Maps are rendered in a pictorial format such as PNG, GIF or JPEG, GetCapabilities (required): Obtain service-level metadata, which is a machine-readable (and human-readable) description of the WMS's information content and acceptable request parameters GetMap (required): Obtain a map image whose geospatial and dimensional parameters are well-defined GetFeatureInfo (optional): Ask for information about particular features shown on a map.

37. Client Web Feature Service (WFS) Retrieve geospatial data encoded in Geography Markup Language (GML) from multiple Web Feature Services • Web Feature Service (WFS) Support INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, QUERY and DISCOVERY operations on geographic features using HTTP as the distributed computing platform WFS Request WFS Response

38. Minnesota MapServer • Originally developed as free map server software containing • various freeware systems - Shapelib, FreeType, Proj.4, libTIFF etc. • Runs under Windows and UNIX operating systems, supports • various formats both raster and vector datasets. • Relies on the CGI mode program, Map file and Template file.

39. Library Support GD C library for the dynamic creation of images PNG, JPEG PNG PNG support Proj.4 Cartographic projection library Freetype TrueType font support OGR Simple Features Library, C++ open source library supports vector formats –ESRI Shape files, MapInfo tab, GML, Arc/Info coverage, DGN, PostgreSQL GDAL Translator library supports raster geospatial data formats – TIFF/GeoTIFF, JPEG, Arc/Info Grid, ENVI ESRI header, ERDAS Imagine.

40. Map file • Presented as ASCII file. configures basic information for Minnesota Map • Server mechanism such as map’s unit, projection and the path of the data. • Used for object definition. Every mechanism is considered as object in Map • file like map object, label object, layer object, projection object, legend object, • class object and so forth. • Template file • Required for rendering image on user's web browser • HTML file with specially tagged replaceable parameters designated with • square brackets. • When the map server receives queries from users, it reads the • Template file and generates map objects to reply to the users. The parameters • in the square brackets would be replaced by the exact path of the output file.

41. MapServer Using CGI Web Browser CGI-Request (Mapserv) Map File Minnesota MapServer (WMS) Desired Map HTML Template File Spatial Database PostgreSQL Geodatabase The CGI mode program The CGI mode program of Minnesota Map Server is called Mapserv – a component to store all freeware systems. Map Server executable is called directly from CGI mode, and renders the entire HTML page based on parameters passed in the query string, and static configuration files stored on the web server.

42. Map File Example MAP NAME "thai" STATUS ON EXTENT -231930.03916 459597.455047 1673801.76813 2365717.07906 SIZE 500 500 SHAPEPATH "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/Thailand/data/" SYMBOLSET "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/Thailand/etc/symbols.sym" FONTSET "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/Fonts/fonts.list" IMAGECOLOR -1 -1 -1 UNITS METERS IMAGETYPE JPEG

43. WEB TEMPLATE "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/indice/indice.html" IMAGEPATH "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/tmp/" IMAGEURL "/tmp/" HEADER QHead.html TEMPLATE main.html FOOTER QFoot.html

44. LAYER NAME "province" STATUS DEFAULT DATA 'province' TYPE POLYGON UNITS METERS TEMPLATE "QProvince.html" CLASSITEM 'PV_NAME_E' LABELITEM 'PV_NAME_E‘ CLASS NAME "province" COLOR 255 187 169 OUTLINECOLOR 150 98 255 SIZE 1 END END

45. WMS Result PNG, JPEG, GIF Query Map

46. PostgreSQL Object-Relational DBMS Uses a client-server model of communication • PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways, for example by adding new • Data types • Functions • Operators • Aggregate functions • Index methods • Procedural languages

47. PostGIS Adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database Spatially enables, the PostgreSQL server, allowing it to be used as a backend spatial database for geographic information systems

48. Spatial Data Logger • System Development PostGIS PHP PostgreSQL Minnesota MapServer Spatial Database Client Interface Application Software Data Server

49. Software Profile

50. Hardware Profile