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名词性从句. 基本句型与从句类型判断 S + v 主语 + 谓语 S +be/link.v + 表语 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 S + vt + 宾语 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 S + vi + prep + 宾语 主语 + 不及物动词 + 介词 + 宾语 That/wh-clause + v +… 主语从句 S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause 表语从句 S + vt + that/wh-clause 宾语从句
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基本句型与从句类型判断 S + v 主语+谓语 S +be/link.v + 表语 主语+系动词+表语 S + vt + 宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语 S + vi + prep + 宾语 主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语 That/wh-clause + v +…主语从句 S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句 S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句 S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句
辨别下列名词性从句的类别： 1.How the book will sell depends on its author. 2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S. 6.It is impossiblethat I go and attend the meeting. 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 主语从句
名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why
一．主语从句 1. It 作形式主语 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，从句放句末。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is said that he is a millionaire. It seems that he is unhappy today.
2. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) ______you said yesterday is right. 2) ______she is still alive is a good thing. What It is right what you said yesterday. That It is a good thing that she is still alive.
二．宾语从句 宾语从句通常放在 及物动词 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）with one another.
3. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.
4. 否定前移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： ________________________________我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I don’t think the dress fits you well
三．表语从句 表语从句在系动词之后， 连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is _________ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is ____ we can’t get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains ___ we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason ______ he is late for school is ____ he missed the early bus. whether/how why that why that
四．同位语从句 • 1. 同位语从句的功能 • 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导， • 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 • 同位语从句通常在名词之后，有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： • The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. • He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
（I）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good. 2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. （that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略） （that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）
whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： • 主语从句 Whether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. 同位语从句，如： The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided. 4. 从句作介词的宾语，如： I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5. 跟or not连用，如： She hasn’t decided whether she will go to the party or not.
用if 或whether 填空 whether/if • 1. I don’t know __________ I’ll be free tomorrow. • 2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow. • 3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money. • 5. ______ they can do it matters little to us. • 6._______ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you. whether whether whether Whether If
1．从句中要用陈述语序； 2．连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成 分；连接词只起连接作用； 3. that与what； 4. what与which； 5. whether与if； 6. 同位语从句与定语从句；
翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。 1.What he wants is a book. 2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together. 3.I’m so glad that I can make friends with you. 4.This is why he did it. 5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6.That he wants a bookis certain. 7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity. 8.Whether you like him or notdoesn’t matter too much. 9.He doesn’t know whether you can sing it well. 10.The problem is whether you can sing it well. 11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided. 12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句
辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句 1.We heard the news that our team had won. 2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money. 3. The news that he told me yesterday was false. 4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money. 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 表语从句
1.what / that a.____ he said at the meeting surprised us. b._____ he spoke（发言）at the meeting surprised us. 2. if / whether _______you go or stay at home won’t make any differences. 3. What a pity _____is _____you didn’t arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for 4.We are ready to do ______ the country wants us to do. A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatever What That Whether B D
1.It is important that ______ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that ______ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _______. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them 4.I wonder _______. A. whether or not I’ll catch the last bus B. if or not I’ll catch the last bus C. that I’ll catch the last bus or not D. that I’ll catch the last bus
5.We all thought ______ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that 6.I took ______ for granted （想当然）that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so 7.I heard ______ said that he had great concern（关心） for his classmates. A. and B. that C. was D. it 8.I wish I ______ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone
综合运用： as/which • The earth is round, _________ is known to everybody. As 2. ____ is known to everybody, the earth is round. That 3. ______ the earth is round is known to everybody. It 4. ____ is known to everybody that the earth is round. that 5. Everybody knows _____ the earth is round. It 6. _____ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word. What 7. ______ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word.
