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Task Analysis

Task Analysis. Dr. Sunil Dutt Professor, Education National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research, Chandigarh. Task Analysis.

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Task Analysis

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  1. Task Analysis Dr. Sunil Dutt Professor, Education National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research, Chandigarh

  2. Task Analysis Process of breaking down, or analyzing a task into smaller and more detailed constituent units and of then sequencing these units of analysis in an order of priority based on their importance in the learning. Analysis and synthesis

  3. Approaches to Task Analysis • Task decomposition -splitting task into (ordered) subtasks • Knowledge based techniques - what the user knows about the task and how knowledge is organized • Entity-relation based analysis -relationships between objects and actions in the task

  4. What is Task Analysis? • Methods of analysing people's jobs: • what people do • what things they work with • what they must know • In order to clean the house • get the vacuum cleaner out • fix the appropriate attachments • clean the rooms • when the dust bag gets full, empty it • put the vacuum cleaner and tools away • must know about: • vacuum cleaners, their attachments,dust bags, cupboards, rooms etc.

  5. Generating the hierarchy  get list of tasks  group tasks into higher level tasks  decompose lowest level tasks further • Knowing what they do, • how they do it, • why they do it… A task analysis is an intensive examination of how people perform work activities. Tasks: A discrete unit of work performed by an individual, it has a beginning and an ending. Subtasks : the smallest step into which a work activity can be divided. Elements: a step within a step… separate time-motions Task listing: A list of actions done in work.

  6. Less Detail Unit of Analysis Unit of Analysis Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit More Detail Task: Job, Topic or Skill Level 1 Level 2 Process of Analysis Level 3 Level 4

  7. Head Trunk Limbs Skin Face Neck Back Sides Legs Arms Texture Chest Back Colour Stomach Shoulders Composition Ears Eyes Elbow Upper Wrist Nose Mouth Forearm Hand Hair Chin Cheeks Nails Palm Thumb Fingers Back Topic: Human Body Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

  8. How many levels? How long is a piece of string? Analyze until your task or job operations are covered completely

  9. Task Analysis - A step by step process

  10. Principles of Task Analysis • Task analysis is accomplished by making succeeding Levels of Analysis • Each level of Analysis produces its own Units of Analysis • Each succeeding Level of Analysis is more detailed than the one before it from which it derives • Each Level of Analysis and associated Units of Analysis follow logically and progressively from those which precede them

  11. When considering a task analysis you can ask yourself initially: • What duties does doing this job entail? • What tasks are performed in each duty? • What are the elements of each task? • What are the acts (actions) which go to make up each element?

  12. Types of Task Analysis • Topic Analysis • A detailed analysis of intellectual tasks, e.g. Ohm’s law, solving equations, etc. • Job Analysis • A detailed analysis of tasks involving physical/ psychomotor skills • Concentrates on WHAT is done when task is carried out, e.g. setting up a lathe, loading a film in a camera • Skill Analysis - Further analysis of psychomotor tasks, but concentrating on HOW the job is accomplished - Complex, intricate and subtle hand-eye coordination

  13. Task analysis involves following activities: • Identify the tasks to be analyzed. • Break these tasks down into between 4 and 8 subtasks. (subtasks to be specified in terms of objectives and, between them, should cover the whole area of interest.) • Draw the subtasks as a layered diagram ensuring that it is complete. • Decide upon the level of detail into which to decompose. Making a conscious decision at this stage will ensure that all the subtask decompositions are treated consistently. • Continue the decomposition process, ensuring that the decompositions and numbering are consistent. • Present the analysis to someone else who has not been involved in the decomposition but who knows the tasks well enough to check for consistency.

  14. Students Client Master TASK ANALYSIS Course Exams Teachers Course Material Sources of information Observations, interviews, questionnaires, work diaries, film/CCTV, job checklists and activity lists

  15. Duties Changing engine oil Tuning the carburetor Adjusting tappets Adjusting spark plug gap Cleaning the spark plug Tasks Removing sump plug Jacking up the car Placing oil container under the sump Allowing oil to drain away Task Elements Positioning the jack Acquiring right kind of jack Manipulating the jack Job of an Engine Mechanic

  16. Solving Networks First Law Second Law Algebraic Sum Algebraic Sum Current EMF Network of Conductors Resistance Energy must be supplied for flow of electrons Measure of rate at which energy is supplied Current Algebraic sum of currents meeting at any point is zero Sum of incoming current equal to sum of outgoing current Networks Conductors substances offering little resistance Current meets resistance in flowing through a load Depends on nature of load Flow of electrons Coulombs per second Solving Networks By Kirchoff’s Laws First Law

  17. Black & White Film Processing Topic Maintaining safety in the darkroom Duties Accounting for personal safety Tasks Task Elements or rules Name the chemicals in use State the dangers arising from spillages Demonstrate importance of awareness in the dark Describe risk exaggerated because of darkness Point out need for consideration for the safety of others Explain importance of orientation within the darkroom Describe the individual danger of each chemical Explain clearly emergency procedures for darkroom

  18. Selecting Equipment Make a Bore Hole Locate and Clean Site Collect Sample Level 1 Duties Operate auger Locate site Clean site Level 2 Tasks Identify Equip. Choose suitable auger Remove A from hole Collect soil in poly Identify site Remove soil from A Seal envelope Level 3 Task Elements Assemble auger Clean auger Insert auger into soil Remove grass from test site Land surface using appropriate tools Position auger on test surface Fix T junction & insert handle Fix drill rod Push auger Level 4 Acts Rotate auger Job: Collection of Soil sample by auger boring

  19. Training Skills Methods of Training & Learning Course Design Training Context Assessment and Evaluation Systematic Traditional Analysis Synthesis implementation Assessment & Evaluation Improvement Entry behaviour Analysis Resource Analysis Constraints Analysis Objectives Analysis Need Analysis Task Analysis Determining Goals Ordering Goals Measuring needs Deciding on priorities Purpose Input: List of Goals Staff Method Output

  20. Working Principle Construction Magnetic Field Alignment of Magnetic Field Torque Angle Brush and Commutator Arrangement Polarities Strengths Angle of non- alignment of two fields Max. value of torque angle Electromagnets Torque depends on magnitude of torque angle Non-alignment produces torque Constant non- alignment produces rotation DC MOTORS

  21. Job: Wiring a Plug 1. Colour Code 2. Prepare Leads 3. Attach Leads 4. Safety Checks Tasks Tasks Tasks Tasks 1.1 New Code 3.1 Twist Standards 2.1 Remove Cover 4.1 Polarity 2.2 Remove the outer insulation 4.2 Security of Leads & Flex 3.2 Route the Leads 1.2 Old Code 1.3 Twin Flex 3.3 Wrap Leads around the terminal 2.3 Identify terminals 4.3 Correct value fuse 2.4 Cut the Leads 3.4 Tighten the terminal nuts 4.4 Replace the cover 2.5 Strip the Leads 3.5 Secure gripper bar Duties

  22. Multiplying • two numbers 2. Dividing one number by another non-zero number 3. Subtracting one Number from other 4. Finding ab Topic: Solving Mathematical problems by using Logarithm Tables 1.1 Finding the characteristics & Mantissa of two numbers 1.2 Adding the logarithms together 1.3 Antilogging the sum 1.4 Fixing the decimal Point 1.5 Connecting answer to appropriate number of significant figures 1.1.1 Locating first 2 significant figures of each Number in left-hand column of log. table 1.1.2 Locating third figure of each number in appropriate middle columns headed 0 – 9, and 1.1.3 Locating fourth figure in add column headed 0 – 9 on right-hand side of page

  23. Rules of Sequence in arranging task elements • Proceed from Known to Unknown • Proceed from Simple to Difficult • Proceed from Concrete to Abstract • Proceed from Observation to Reasoning • Follow correct chronological order

  24. Benefits of Task Analysis • Helping you design your lesson • Making sure that you have received all that the learners need to know • Making sure that all of the fundamental parts of the job, topic or skill are covered • Giving a basis for setting test questions and test procedures where skills are involved • Helping you formulate objectives

  25. Thank You

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