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INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF MYOPIA DR. SRINIVAS, MD GOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI HYDERABAD. INDIA

INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF MYOPIA DR. SRINIVAS, MD GOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI HYDERABAD. INDIA I receive research reimbursement from Pushpagiri Eye Institute. MYOPIA IS A COMPLEX MULTI FACTORIAL CIVILIZED OCULAR DISORDER INCREASING ITS INCIDENCE RATE THROUGH OUT

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INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF MYOPIA DR. SRINIVAS, MD GOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI HYDERABAD. INDIA

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  1. INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF MYOPIA DR. SRINIVAS, MD GOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI HYDERABAD. INDIA I receive research reimbursement from Pushpagiri Eye Institute.

  2. MYOPIA IS A COMPLEX MULTI FACTORIAL • CIVILIZED OCULAR DISORDER • INCREASING ITS INCIDENCE RATE THROUGH OUT • THE WORLD. HIGH IN USA, JAPAN, ISRAEL, CHINA, • TAIWAN, SINGAPORE AND INDIA ALSO JOINING • WITH THEM.

  3. 70 MILLION PEOPLE ARE MYOPES IN USA ONLY AND 30 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFTER T.V. INVENTION AND SPENDING 3, 4 BILLION. (BEDROSSIN) • THIRD MAJOR OCULAR DISORDER AFTER MACULAR DEGENERATION. • YOUNGER PEOPLE LIKE SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN CLOSE WORK ARE MORE MYOPES.

  4. 70 MILLION PEOPLE ARE MYOPES IN USA ONLY AND 30 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFTER T.V. INVENTION AND SPENDING 3, 4 BILLION. (BEDROSSIN) • THIRD MAJOR OCULAR DISORDER AFTER MACULAR DEGENARATIION. • YOUNGER PEOPLE LIKE SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN CLOSE WORK ARE MORE MYOPES.

  5. IT’S MULTI FACTORIAL VISUAL DISORDER WHICH IS IMMENSE SPECULATIONS AND CONTROVERSIES. • IT’S THEORIES ARE FANCIFUL & CONTROVERSIES (FRONCOIS J 1982, BEDROSSION 1982) • RUDIMENTARY (WILSON MR. BAKER RS. 1990)

  6. ACADEMICIANS ARE NOT CONCENTRATED AS SUCH IT IS NOT ALARMING OR FRIGHTENING NOR REWARDING • INCREASING OF INCIDENT, ENORMOUS EXPENDITURE, UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA OF THE YOUNG MYOPES ETC., ARE THE MAIN FACTOR TO KNOW MORE ABOUT MYOPIA

  7. MATERIALS AND METHODS • STUDY CONSISTS OF 30,000 MYOPES • YOUNG AGE RANGE OF 6-20 YEARS • BOTH SEXES • DIOPTIC RANGE BETWEEN –0.75 TO –5.00 D

  8. PARAMETERS • EXTRA OCULAR EXAMINATION • VISUAL EXAMINATION WITH AND WITHOUT GLASSES • SUBJECTIVE CORRECTION • CYCLOPLEGIC REFRACTION • OBJECTIVE CORRECTION • FUNDUS EXAMINATION

  9. HISTORY, DURATION AND FAMILY HISTORY • LIVING CONDITIONS • DIET PATTERN (VEG, NON VEG) • SOCIO-ECONOMICS STATUS • PHYSICAL STATUS • STUDY HOURS • T.V. VIEWING • COMPUTERS

  10. EXCLUDED • AMBLYOPIAS • ASTIGMATISM • UNIOCULAR MYOPIAS • CORNEAL LEASIONS, KERATOPATHY AND DYSTROPHIES

  11. OBSERVATIONSEXWISE DISTRIBUTION SEXNO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE MALE 10,000 33.3% FEMALE 20,000 66.6%

  12. DIOPTERS WISE DISTRIBUTION DIOPTERSNO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE -1.00 –1.99 3000 11.5% -2.00 –2.99 10,000 33.3% -3.00 –3.99 8,000 26.6% -4.00 –5.00 9,000 30.00%

  13. FAMILY HISTORYOF USING GLASSES NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE MOTHERS 5000 16.6% FATHERS 7000 23.3% BOTH PARENTS 8000 26.6% NO PARENTS 10,000 33.3%

  14. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL DISTRIBUTION GROUPNO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE HIGH INCOME 12,000 40% MODERATE 10,000 33.3% LOW INCOME 8,000 26.6%

  15. INVOLVEMENT OFSCHOOL NON-SCHOOL GOERS TYPENO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN 20,000 66.6% NON-SCHOOL GOERS 10,000 33.3%

  16. DIETITIC PATTERN TYPENO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE VEGETARIANS 18,000 60% NON-VEGETARIANS 12,000 40%

  17. PHYSICAL APPERANCE (BODY MASS) TYPENO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE GOOD 15,000 50% MODERATE 8,000 26.6% POOR 7,000 23.3%

  18. DISTRIBUTION OF NEAR WORK INVOLVMENT GROUPNO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE STUDY 7000 23.3% STUDY + T V VIEWING 8000 26.6% STUDY + T V + COMPUTERS 15,000 50%

  19. LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING CONDITIONNO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE SLUM AREA 6000 20% MODERATE 9000 30% HIGHER 15,000 50%

  20. DISTRIBUTION OFURBAN & RURAL GROUPNO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE URBAN 15000 50% RURAL 6000 20% MIGRATED 9000 30%

  21. DISCUSSION • EXTENSIVE EPIDEMILOGICAL • STUDIES CARRIED IN THE WORLD • IT MAY VARY FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY • THEORIES LIKE HERIDITARY AND • ENVIRONMENTAL ARE MORE ACCEPTED

  22. INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA INCREASING IN • THE WORLD AND INDIA IS ALSO JOINING • IN THEM, BECAUSE OF CIVILIZATION, • INCREASING STANDARD OF LIFE ETC.

  23. FEMALE CHILDREN INCIDENCE IS HIGHER BECAUSE OF THEIR LIMITED EXTRA ACTIVITIES, MORE INVOLVMENT IN STUDIES AND THEORIES HARMONAL CHANGES (CHEN. CY. LEE. LIN. LK 1990)

  24. MORE MYOPIC CASES I.E. 33.3% WHERE • THEIR PARENTS ARE NOT MYOPES • INDICATES THE MORE ENVIRONMENTAL. • SIMILAR OBSERVATIONS MADE BY (CHEN • (90) PARSSINEN. LYRA (93)

  25. HIGHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC INVOLVMENT IS • MORE DUE TO THEIR HIGH STANDARD OF • LIVING, HIGH COLORIC INTAKING, • VIEWING T.V., AUDIO VISUAL AND COMPUTER ETC.

  26. SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE MORE • MYOPES THAN NON-GOERS MORE AND MORE • CLOSE WORK LIKE STUDY, T.V. AND • COMPUTERS WILL ENHANCE THE • PREVALANCE OF MYOPIA

  27. VEGETARIANS DIET IS NUTRITIOUS AND ANTOXID, GREAT PEOPLE LIKE PYTHOGOROUS, MILTON, NEWTON, BERNARD SHAW WERE VEGETARIANS

  28. HIGH INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA SEEN IN GOOD PHYSICAL LOOK. IT IS RELATED BODY DEVELOPMENT ALONG WITH AXIAL LENGTH. YOUNGER GENERATION ARE TALLER THAN OLDER.

  29. MYOPIA VARIES FROM NATION TO NATION ACCORDING TO THEIR LIFE STYLES, HABITS, LIVING CONDITIONS, GENETIC FACTORS AND FOOD PATTERN ETC.

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