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如何處置孕婦牙科問題

如何處置孕婦牙科問題. 主講人:羅文良 陽明牙十一屆. 怎麼辦? 自己看? 轉診?. 懷孕只是一時,病患是長期的!. 了解孕程變化 了解牙醫師能做什麼 了解什麼藥物能使用. 荷爾蒙分泌改變 疲累、噁心、嘔吐、昏眩、姿態性低血壓〈第一期〉 感覺較舒服〈第二期〉 疲累、不舒服、輕微憂鬱〈第三期〉. 血壓下降 心雜音 Supine hypotensive syndrome 血壓下降 心跳變緩 流汗 噁心 衰弱 極度需氧. 孕程變化. Supine hypotensive syndrome. 成因:子宮壓迫下腔靜脈,導致血液回流變差

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如何處置孕婦牙科問題

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  1. 如何處置孕婦牙科問題 主講人:羅文良 陽明牙十一屆

  2. 怎麼辦?自己看?轉診?

  3. 懷孕只是一時,病患是長期的! • 了解孕程變化 • 了解牙醫師能做什麼 • 了解什麼藥物能使用

  4. 荷爾蒙分泌改變 疲累、噁心、嘔吐、昏眩、姿態性低血壓〈第一期〉 感覺較舒服〈第二期〉 疲累、不舒服、輕微憂鬱〈第三期〉 血壓下降 心雜音 Supine hypotensive syndrome 血壓下降 心跳變緩 流汗 噁心 衰弱 極度需氧 孕程變化

  5. Supine hypotensive syndrome • 成因:子宮壓迫下腔靜脈,導致血液回流變差 • 解決辦法:請病患往左側躺

  6. 牙醫師能作什麼?

  7. 有關牙科X光照射 • < 5 cGy, 無先天突變影響 • 預防 • 鉛衣 • E-speed film • Collimation • 懷孕之女性助理人員

  8. 該不該用藥? 怎麼用? • Ideally, no drug should be administered during pregnancy !!! • Erythromycin ( except estolate form ) • Take drug after breast feeding

  9. 那些治療計畫需要更改? • Full mouth radiographs • Reconstructions • Crown & bridge procedures • Significant surgery

  10. 孕婦常見之口腔併發症 • Pregnancy gingivitis • Hormonal change • Happens at 2nd month • Marginal & interdental gingiva • 1% - “ pregnancy tumor “ • OHI, remove calculus

  11. 孕婦常見之口腔併發症 • “生一個囝仔,落一顆牙齒” • Increasing tooth mobility • Hypersensitive gag reflex – halitosis & enamel erosion

  12. 如何處置拔牙後之併發症 主講人:羅文良 陽明牙十一屆

  13. 常見的拔牙後之併發症 • Alveolar bone fracture • Tuberosity fracture • Maxillary sinus perforation • Nerve damage • Roots in sinus, submandibular space & infratemporal space • Post-extraction bleeding

  14. 併發症最佳的處理方式 詳盡的術前告知 臨危不亂的處置 耐心細心的回診 建立良好的轉診

  15. Alveolar bone fracture • Tearing & bleeding into the periodontal space of the adjacent teeth – pain with no etiology • Avascular bone fragment – sequestrum • Prevention – routine bone compression after each extraction

  16. Alveolar bone fracture

  17. Tuberosity fracture • Consistent oozing → into buccal space or infratemporal space → trismus • 如何處置 • 牙該拔 – 將gingiva翻離tooth & bone, 以保存較多的soft tissue,再用suture緊緊縫住 • 牙不該拔 –用rigid wire + light-cured resin作segmental splinting 6週 • Cold compression for 1 day, and hot compression from 3rd day • 完整的術後告知 • Prevention –術前X光片及術前告知

  18. Tuberosity fracture

  19. Maxillary sinus perforation • 那些情況容易產生maxillary sinus perforation • 齒槽骨薄而且牙齒結構位於sinus內 • Chronic or acute infection, cysts, periapical granulomas, tumors, and extruded root canal material • Small perforation (2~4 mm) – self-healing • > 5mm – local flap repair • Diagnosis of sinus perforation • 將病患的鼻孔捏住,請病患輕輕做鼻孔噴氣的動作. 同時將口鏡放到extraction wound處,看鏡面是否有霧氣產生

  20. Maxillary sinus perforation – local flap repair • Instrument & material • 15# blade and handle • Periosteal elevator • 4-O Dexon • Periodontal dressing • 手術技巧 • 術後告知 • 勿做擤鼻涕或避免打噴嚏 • Keep oral hygiene • 術後給藥 • Amoxicillin 500mg q8h ( or Augmentin 1# q8h ) • CTM 1# tid • Nasal spray (防止鼻嚏產生)

  21. Nerve damage • Inferior alveolar nerve • Lingual nerve

  22. Inferior alveolar nerve damage • 原因 • Root apex compresses the canal • Direct nerve trauma • 臨床徵狀 • Mental nerve paresthesia or anesthesia – lip, chin and labial mucosa • 處置 • 詳盡的病歷記錄及說明 • Medication – Vit. B1 & B6 • 定期回診 • 預防 – 術前X光及說明

  23. Lingual nerve damage • 原因 • Fracture of the lingual bone plate • Direct nerve trauma • 臨床徵狀 • Lingual nerve paresthesia or anesthesia – tongue and lingual mucosa • 處置 • 詳盡的病歷記錄及說明 • Medication – Vit. B1 & B6 • 定期回診 • 預防 – 術前X光及說明

  24. Root in sinus, submandibular space & infratemporal space • 先確定牙根不在socket內(可用探針測試) • 告知病患不會馬上引起問題,並加以解釋將來的處理過程 • 填寫轉診單,描述拔牙過程

  25. Post-extraction bleeding • 原因 • Fracture of the bone plate • Direct lingual artery trauma • Hematological problem • 臨床徵狀 • 分辨出血情況 • 處置 • Direct compression for at least 10 min • 視情況轉診 • 預防 • 術前詳細瞭解個人病史 • Gentle manipulation

  26. Thanks for your attention! 各位校友如有指教,請call 02-28757572, 02-28757108 0933057922, 0959152452 十分樂意與大家一起討論

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