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Tokugawa Japan

Chapter 16 Continued. Tokugawa Japan. Japan. Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333, establishment of the Shogunate under Minamoto no Yoritomo Ashikaga Shogunate: 1336-1573, weaker with most of the power lying in the hands of regional Daimyo By 1500’s, continual civil war amongst the Daimyo

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Tokugawa Japan

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  1. Chapter 16 Continued Tokugawa Japan

  2. Japan • Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333, establishment of the Shogunate under Minamoto no Yoritomo • Ashikaga Shogunate: 1336-1573, weaker with most of the power lying in the hands of regional Daimyo • By 1500’s, continual civil war amongst the Daimyo • Three able-military leaders were needed to restore unity and order

  3. Japan • Oda Nobunaga used firearms that Japan had gained from the Portuguese in the 1540s. • Deposed the last of the Ashikaga Shoguns in 1573 • By 1580 he puts most of Honshu island under his command • Killed in 1582

  4. Japan • Toyotomi Hideyoshi (one of Nobunaga’s Generals) moved to punish those who betrayed Nobunaga and renewed the drive to break the power from the Daimyo. • Ruled most of Japan by 1590 • Launched two attacks on Korea in 1592 and 1597 with almost 150,000 soldiers • No real success… • Dies in 1598

  5. Japan • Tokugawa Ieyasu concentrates on consolidating power at home. • By 1603 he was granted power as Shogun by the Emperor • Beginning of the TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE • Ends civil wars, brought the semblance of political unity to the islands • Rules from Edo (later to be, Tokyo)

  6. The Tokugawa Shogunate

  7. The Tokugawa Shogunate • Europeans had increasing contact with the Japanese throughout the warring period • Brought goods traded in India, China, and SE Asia • Exchanged for Silver, copper, pottery, etc. • Traders and missionaries brought firearms, printing presses, and other western devices, like clocks • Contacts with Europeans changed warfare (guns), and led to increased commercial contacts with China, Korea, Philippines, and Siam

  8. Conversion (before Tokugawa) • Jesuits employ the top-down model of impressing the leader (in this case, Nobunaga in the 1570s) • Convert many of the Daimyo’s • Nobunaga himself was said to be at the verge of conversion. • Hundreds of thousands of converts by the early 1580s • Hideyoshi though, was distrustful of the Europeans, and saw the writing on the wall… • Commercial and Military ventures first…then conquer the islands • Conversion is cut short in the 1580s

  9. Tokugawa Isolationism • Beginning in the 1580’s, amid skepticism about the intentions of the Europeans official measures are taken to restrict foreign activities in Japan. • Christian Missionaries are ordered off the islands by Hideyoshi • Ieyasu continues the persecution and bans Christianity by 1614. • Missionaries are hunted, killed, or expelled. • Japanese were required to renounce their faith, or face imprisonment, torture and execution.

  10. Tokugawa Isolationism • 1630: All Japanese ships were forbidden to trade, or even sail overseas • 1640s: Only a limited number of Dutch and Chinese chips were allowed to trade on the island of Deshima, in Nagasaki Bay. • Copper export was restricted • Western books banned • Foreigners were permitted to live and travel only to VERY restricted areas. • By the 1650s total isolationism was almost complete. • Emphasis on Japan’s unique historical experience

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