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This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:. 3.f – Research and describe the history of biology and contribution of scientists.

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This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

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  1. This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology: 3.f – Research and describe the history of biology and contribution of scientists. 4.c – Compare the structures and functions of viruses to cells and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases and conditions such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome, common colds, smallpox, influenza, and warts 4.d – Identify and describe the role of bacteria in causing disease 8.c – Identify characteristics of kingdoms including monerans, protists, fungi, plants, and animals 12.b – Interpret interactions among organisms exhibiting predation, parasitism, commensalisms, and mutualism 12.c – Compare variations, tolerances, and adaptations of plants and animals in different biomes 12.d – Identify and illustrate that long-term survival of species is dependent on a resource based that may be limited

  2. Today’s LessonParasites and Disease

  3. Overview of Lesson • Fleas and plague • Mosquitoes, malaria and West Nile virus • Ticks and Lyme disease

  4. The Plague killed 25% of people in medieval Europe From: Discover, November 2001 Woodcut memorializing the Great Plague of London, which killed 70,000 0f 460,000 residents

  5. 17th century doctors did not understand the cause of the plague From: Discover, November 2001 From: Discover, November 2001 Doctors wore protective clothing and inspected patients with pointers. Spice-filled pomanders were used to fend off the black death.

  6. Flea: feeds on blood of mammals and birds, spreading the bacteria that causes plague

  7. Human Populations Growth Based on Raven et al., Biology, McGraw Hill

  8. Overview of Lesson • Fleas and plague • Mosquitoes, malaria and West Nile virus • Ticks and Lyme disease

  9. Mosquito Life Cycle Adult Mosquito Eggs Emerging From Pupal Stage Pupa Stages of Larvae Based on: National Geographic, September 1979

  10. Adult Female Mosquito Feeds on blood for protein to make eggs Based on: Scientific American, June 1978

  11. Distribution of Malaria Based on: U.S. News & World Report, January 1997

  12. Plasmodium - protozoan that causes malaria and destroys red blood cells

  13. Life Cycle of Malarial Parasite

  14. Historic Efforts to Defeat Malaria • Drained wetlands to reduce habitat for mosquito reproduction • But we lost important wetlands • Control of mosquitoes using pesticides • But mosquitoes developed resistance • Drugs (chloroquine) to protect humans against infection by Plasmodium • But Plasmodium developed resistance

  15. Risk of Malaria: 1946, 1966 & 1994

  16. New Efforts to Defeat Malaria From: Science, 4 Oct. 2002

  17. West Nile virus appeared in U.S. in 1999 • West Nile virus is • spread by mosquitoes • West Nile can cause flu-like symptoms to fatal brain swelling • About 20% of infected humans get sick • Virus has been identified in over 200 bird species • As of 2008 West Nile had been identified in all continental states. Has not been found in Alaska or Hawaii Spread of West Nile Virus

  18. Overview of Lesson • Fleas and plague • Mosquitoes, malaria and West Nile virus • Ticks and Lyme disease

  19. Ticks feed on blood to get protein to make eggs. They anchor their mouthparts below the skin.

  20. After feeding Before feeding

  21. Life Cycle of Deer Tick and Lyme Disease Based on: Harvard Health Letter, 1991

  22. Lyme Disease

  23. Number of Lyme Disease Cases in 1996 Based on: Time, July 28, 1997

  24. Corkscrew-shaped bacteria causing Lyme disease

  25. The nymph • stage of the deer • tick transmits • Lyme disease • It injects an • anesthetic into • the skin to mask • the pain of bite

  26. Effects of Lyme Disease • Flu-like symptoms • Bull’s eye rash at site of bite • Arthritis-like symptoms in joints, facial palsy, irregular heartbeat • Bacteria may attack nervous system resulting in behavioral and memory changes • Death is rare

  27. Treatment of Lyme Disease • Antibiotics for a couple of weeks can treat the illness

  28. Rash of Lyme Disease From: Scientific American, July 1987

  29. How to Stay Lyme-Free • Clear brush around your home and keep grassy areas • mowed • Stay in middle of hiking trails • Wear light-colored clothing to be able to spot dark- • colored ticks more easily • Spray clothes with repellents, particularly around cuffs • and waistline • Pull your socks over your pants legs and tuck your • shirt into your pants • Inspect children at least once a day for ticks, every 3-4 • hours in heavily infested area • Pay special attention to the groin area, naval, armpits, • head and behind knees

  30. How to Remove a Tick Based on : Harvard Family Health Letter , April, 2000

  31. Next Lesson Immune System, Viruses and Bacteria

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