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Circulation in the atmosphere

Explore the factors and mechanisms driving the circulation of the atmosphere, from Newton's Law to the differential heating between the equator and poles. Learn about air pressure, Coriolis force, and how these influence the motion of fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere.

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Circulation in the atmosphere

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  1. Circulation in the Atmosphere Circulation in the atmosphere

  2. Newton’s Law What regulates the motion of fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere?

  3. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles

  4. troposphere surface Higher Latitudes Equator/Tropics What drives the circulation of the atmosphere? Heating by the sun  AIR PRESSURE

  5. Vertical view of air pressure (global convection) High Pressure Low Pressure Low Pressure

  6. Horizontal view of air pressure at ocean surface High Pressure + Higher Latitudes Surfaces of constant pressure y (latitude) x (longitude) _ Equator/Tropics Low Pressure

  7. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  8. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation

  9. Hurricane IVAN H H L H H

  10. t3 t4 t2 t5 t1 Rate of Rotation North Hemisphere Low Pressure B A Fpressure High Pressure FCoriolis

  11. t3 t4 t2 t5 t1 Rate of Rotation North Hemisphere A B High Pressure Low Pressure Fpressure FCoriolis

  12. Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Fpressure FCoriolis Fpressure FCoriolis When this balance is reached the movement of the particles (and therefore of the flow) is called geostrophic motion

  13. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  14. Some practical rules to remember: Fpressure Low Pressure High Pressure FCoriolis • Particle will have the Coriolis force 90 degrees to the right • Particles will tend to move along line of constant pressure • Particles will have the high pressure on their right (same as Coriolis)

  15. Hurricane IVAN H H L Fpressure H H FCoriolis

  16. Vortices L H Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Low Pressure System High Pressure System

  17. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation High Pressure Low Pressure

  18. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation,starting from a state of rest Easterlies (Trades) Westerlies Redistribution of Heat – Large scale convective Cells

  19. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation,starting from a state of rest Easterlies (Trades) Westerlies

  20. Vertical view of the atmosphere Pole Equator

  21. Polar High L L Subpolar Low H H H Subtropical High L Eq. Low L L H H H L L

  22. Vertical view of the atmosphere and Poleward Transport of Heat Pole Equator

  23. Midlatitude Cyclones

  24. Poleward Heat Transport

  25. The seasonal cycle

  26. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles

  27. Next time we will see how the ocean responds to the atmospheric wind and how it contributes to the heat transport

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