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Europe Encounters America

Europe Encounters America. Vikings, Scandinavia, first in Americas used longboats for excursions. Leif Ericson, 1000, 35 Vikings & Newfoundland colonies failed, Native Americans unsophisticated weapons. Newfoundland. Claudius Ptolemy – Greek-educated Egyptian geographer that drew

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Europe Encounters America

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  1. Europe Encounters America

  2. Vikings, Scandinavia, first in Americas • used longboats for excursions

  3. Leif Ericson, 1000, 35 Vikings & Newfoundland • colonies failed, Native Americans • unsophisticated weapons

  4. Newfoundland

  5. Claudius Ptolemy – Greek-educated Egyptian geographer that drew maps with lines of longitude…projected on flat surface; rediscovered in 15th century, influential

  6. al-Idrisi – 12th C. Arab geo.; 1154 published survey of the world; Europeans used this also

  7. Christopher Columbus – Portuguese backing, denied because of his underestimation of the distance to Asia (Dias, tip of Africa) • 1492 – Spain’s King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed to finance him; Portuguese success Barcelona

  8. Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria – left Spain, August 1492 • Canary Islands for supplies • landed on San Salvador Island

  9. encountered the Taino people, part of the Arawak people • called them Indians – thought he had reached the Indies SE of China • people had small pieces of gold hanging from holes in their noses • headed deeper into Caribbean in search for gold

  10. found Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic) • thought Cuba was China & Hispaniola was Japan • Christmas Eve, Santa Maria (flagship) struck a reef, broke apart • built fort called La Navidad, left 40 crew, headed home

  11. March 1493, returned to Spanish court • gold, spices, Native Americans • “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” • “Viceroy and Governor of the Indies”

  12. 1493, across Atlantic again, 17 ships, 1200 Spanish colonists • men he left killed, fort destroyed, new colony called Isabella • 1496 Columbus went back to Spain, Santo Domingo, • first capital of Spain’s empire in America • 3rd voyage in 1498 – Orinoco River, South America • 1502 – final voyage – coastline from Guatemala to Panama

  13. Spanish-Portuguese disputes • 1493 – Pope Alexander VI, line of demarcation – Spain west of line, Portugal east of line • King John II of Portugal wanted line moved further west • 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas (Spanish town), moved line 1000 miles to the west (Brazil)

  14. Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer, sailed under Spanish flag, concluded lands • that Columbus explored were not part of Asia • 1507 – German scholar, Martin Waldseemuller, new continent named America

  15. 1513 – Spanish governor of Puerto Rico, Juan Ponce de Leon, sailed north • “Fountain of Youth” • Florida – “land of flowers”

  16. 1510 – Vasco de Balboa, colony on the Isthmus of Panama • tales of empires of gold in the “south sea” • 1513 – first European to reach Pacific coast of America

  17. 1520 – Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese mariner (Spain), strait • peaceful waters…Pacific Ocean • died in the Philippines • crew arrived in Spain in 1522, first to circumnavigate the globe

  18. America to Europe – corn, tobacco, squash, tomatoes, potatoes (important) • Europe to America – wheat, barley, horses, sheep, smallpox, measles • “Guns, Germs, and Steel”

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