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Magnets of Tokamak Reactor: Indispensable and Burdensome Existence

This article discusses the importance and challenges of magnets in Tokamak Reactors, with a focus on reducing weight and improving cooling methods. It explores the concept of lightweight Tokamak reactors and the use of conduction cooling with high temperature superconductors. The article also explores the concept of CS-less Tokamaks and iron core for quick IP control and mechanical strength of Tokamak Field Coils (TFCs).

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Magnets of Tokamak Reactor: Indispensable and Burdensome Existence

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  1. Magnets of Tokamak Reactor : the indispensable & (but) burdensome existence 1. Cover Page US - Japan Workshop on Power Plant Studies and Related Advanced Technologies with EU Participation, 24-25 January , 2006 at UC San Diego, 584 EBU-II S. NISHIO Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka Fusion Institute, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 311-0193, Japan nishio.satoshi@jaea.go.jp

  2. Contents Having an Eye on Low Cost Tokamak Reactor ● TFC Cost is Major Part of Total Cost ●Lightweight TFC leads to Low Cost Tokamak ● 1st step lightening : Reactor Concept Modification ● 2nd step lightening : Coil Concept Improvement

  3. Wt ~3500 ton Wt ~3500 ton Normalized Beta, bN 8 8 Wc < 2000 ton Wc > 15000 ton Pfbt2B04bN2B02 Reactor Concept Modification Low A Concept Leads to Lightweight TFC Pf =3 GW, Pn=5 MW/m2 Lightweight Massive

  4. Reactor Weight & TFC Bmax , CSC Bore Contour Map of Reactor Weight ITER SSTR J-DEMO VECTOR ARIES-ST ● CS-less & high field TFC leads to lightweight Tokamak

  5. VECTOR ARIES-RS r=7900kg/m3 Q=3 s=400MPa Empirical Scaling for Magnet Weight Virial Theorem X X Magnet Weight (Ton) M : Structure Weight r : Mass Weight Density E : Stored Energy Q : Geometry Factor (1～3) s : Design Stress Stored Energy (GJ) ARIES-RS TFC, Why SO LIGHTWEIGHT ?

  6. Coil Concept Improvement Indirect (Conduction) Cooling & TFCs, PFCs Integrated Structure

  7. Cooling Methods Pool Boiling Forced Cooling Conduction Cooling ● Low Tech. ● Poor Mech. Strength ● Low Insulation Voltage ● Good Heat Removal ●High Insulation Voltage ● Severe Pressure Drop ●Excellent Mech. Strength ● poor Heat Removal

  8. Windings of Forced Cooling System Current path and coolant path are not independent each other.

  9. For Poor Heat Removal of Conduction Cooling Stabilization of High Temp. Super-Conductor (YBCO) is designed to be done with the enthalpy of the YBCO material itself, rather than by cooling with supercritical helium against the disturbances such as movement etc. Heat capacity : 500mJ/cm3 for the temperature range between 33 and 35 K

  10. Structure of Winding To reduce stress (or strain) on the winding and to control the occurrence of flux jumps, three slots are machined into the coil case in which each winding pack is installed. Parameters of winding packs Each coil has three (higher, middle and lower field) winding packs installed into the coil case..

  11. Structure of TF coil

  12. ITER SSTR J-DEMO VECTOR ARIES-ST For Quick Response for IP Control Solenoid Free Slim CS Iron Core Flux supply & Mechanical toughness

  13. Summary ● CS-less (Low A) concept leads to lightweight Tokamak. ● Conduction cooling method leads to lightweight TFC. ●High temp. superconductor meets conduction cooling. ● Cs-less & iron core concept may meet the requirements for quick Ip control and TFC mechanical strength.

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