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Integrated Product Development

Integrated Product Development. Igor Fürstner ifurst@vts.su.ac.yu Polytechnic al Engineering College Vojvodina, Serbia. Introduction. Product Development (differences between classical and modern approach ). Planning Long term 5y- >1 -2y Mid term 2-3y- > 6-18m Short term 6m- > 1m

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Integrated Product Development

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  1. Integrated Product Development Igor Fürstner ifurst@vts.su.ac.yu Polytechnical Engineering College Vojvodina, Serbia

  2. Introduction

  3. Product Development(differences between classical and modern approach) • Planning • Long term 5y->1-2y • Mid term 2-3y->6-18m • Short term 6m->1m • Amoritzation • 8%/y->30%/y

  4. Product Development(differences between classical and modern approach) • Prototyping, manufacturing planning, manufacturing • 3-9m, lot of mistakes, tools for manufacturing are made at the beginning of the manufacturing process... -> • Simulations, direct beginning of the manufacturing process, tools for manufacturing are made before the beginning of the manufacturing process...

  5. Product Development(differences between classical and modern approach) • Training • Nonsystematic and discontinuous (it happens during the work process) • -> • Professional and continuous • Workplace planning • The workplace is specialized and static • -> • The workplace is general and dynamic

  6. Product Development(differences between classical and modern approach) • Quality • The quality monitoring is done after the production • -> • The quality assurance is implemented to the whole process • Workflow • Sequential • -> • Paralell

  7. Product DevelopmentTime • Time= Money • Later appearance on the market • Less demand • Market changes • Market is occupied by other manufacturers • Better quality products • Classical approach • The development process is sequential and divided • Investors are concentrated towards faster production • Modern approach (time is important) • Attention is paid on the system as a whole • Development is continuous (faster response to customer demands, new products are on the market more frequently) • Investors are concentrated towards time shortening

  8. Product DevelopmentTime and costs • The basic problem during the development and production of a product is finding and using different methods, which will result in higher profit and bigger market share • Research has shown that during the first 15% of the product realization process up to 85% of the product costs is determined and only 15% of the cost is spent. • This leads to the conclusion that the most important decisions concerning the product have to be made during the development of the product.

  9. Product DevelopmentTime and costs

  10. Modern product development • Aim • Faster product development process • Faster production process • Avoidance of the mistakes as soon as possible • How to achieve the aim • Establish an appropriate communication between the participants of the whole process • Establish an appropriate decision making rule

  11. Communication • Now days, product development and production is commonly organized at several different places (production plants) • Advantages • Faster processes • Use of knowledge and technology • Engagement of development, production and other infrastructure • Mutual cost and risk management

  12. Communication • Disadvantages • Communication (collaboration) • Geographic distances • Organizational differences • Cultural differences • Religious differences • Procedural differences

  13. Communication • Formal • Informal • Written • Verbal

  14. Communication type

  15. CommunicationTypes of development projects

  16. Distributed network • Virtual factory • Attributes • Geographical dispersion • Possible cultural differences • Work is done in time and space using appropriate organization boundaries • Communication and coordination using appropriate communication technology • Lack of hierarchy • Extreme decentralization • This kind of organization is not constant, after the project is finished the structure is decomposed • High level of flexibility • Quick response opportunities (possibility to react considering the changes in the surroundings)

  17. Distributed network • Characteristics of the virtual factory • Space (centralized – Decentralized) • Time (synchronous – Non-sinchronous) • Type of interaction (personal – Electronic) • Social differences (low – High)

  18. Integrated product development • Integrated product development is based an a systematic approach during the development process, that fulfills the customers requirements, connecting - using the added value that results from a team work (cooperation, trust…)

  19. The structure of the IPD • Systematic approach • The IPD uses the principles and tools of Systems Engineering (considering the product’s lifecycle)

  20. The structure of the IPDLifecycle

  21. The structure of the IPD • The customer is the center of the process • Cooperation • Human resources • Cooperation, collaboration • (Computer Support Cooperative Work)

  22. The structure of the IPD • IPD tools (DFx) • Design for excellence • Information and communication technologies • Product data management(PDM) • Automation of engineering activities • CAxtechnologies • Organization and control • Project management(PM)

  23. Integrated product developmentCustomer requirements • The customer’s behavior considering any product (reasons why a customer buys or doesn't buy a product) can be divided into 8 categories: • Costs (Can I afford it?) • Availability (Can I find it?) • Packaging (Is It attractive?) • Performance (Does it fulfills my expectations?) • Ease of the handling (Can I use it?) • Reliability • Maintenance (Is it expensive?) • Social parameters (What the others think about the product?)

  24. Customer requirements • CR can be divided into four levels • Universal expectations (Expecters) • Easily valuable and can be benchmarked • Specific expectations (Spokens) • Should be considered in a product • Unspoken, latent expectation • Has to be defined by market research, interviews, brainstorming • The customer didn’t know, didn’t want or forgot to tell • „Plus” expectations (Exciters)

  25. Customer requirements • How to ask the customer • Don’t ask • What do you like most about our product? • Ask • What do you like about this product? • Don’t ask • Is low cost an attractive feature? • Ask • What do you consider when purchasing the product?

  26. Customer requirements • How to ask the customer • Don’t ask • What do you like most about our product? • Ask • What do you like about this product? • Don’t ask • Would you prefer a blue sports car or a red convertible? • Ask • Would you prefer a red or blue car? • Would you prefer a sports car or a convertible?

  27. Customer requirements • How to ask the customer • Don’t ask • How often would you travel in space if you had your own rocket? • Ask • Do you want a device to travel in space? • Don’t ask • Are you satisfied with this product? • Ask • What have your experiences been with this product?

  28. Customer requirements • Analyzing the Voice of the customers • Rank the customer requirenments

  29. Customer requirements - facts • You can never know if a product will be easily sellable until you try to sell it (Lesch’s rule) • The defined customer requirements considering a product are never 100% sure

  30. IPDFunctional requirements • The principles of design • The design problem (system) should be divided into smaller independent functional units, using the so called decomposition • Two approaches can be used for this • Axiomatic approach • Functional analysis

  31. Functional requirements • FR • The minimum number of different independent requirements, that totally defines the design aims based on the defined requirements • The FR should be independent from each other

  32. Design parameters • They show the future produced parts – units – modules • They should be solution independent • They should fulfill the FR

  33. Engineering characteristics • All measurable parameters of the FR are called EC

  34. Functional independence

  35. Example 1 • Two valve (classical) faucet • It should provide a proper amount of water of the right temperature (with separate hot and cold water source) • In this case: • FR1 Provide the proper amount of water • FR2 Provide the right water temperature • DP1 Means for the cold water regulation • DP2 Means for the hot water regulation • The DPs define a dependent solution for the FRs and a defined final solution

  36. Example 2 • Faucet • It should provide a proper amount of water of the right temperature • In this case: • FR1 Provide the proper amount of water • FR2 Provide the right water temperature • DP1 Means for the water amount regulation • DP2 Means for the water temperature regulation • The DPs define an independent solution for the FRs and an independent final solution

  37. Integrated product developmentQFD (Quality Function Deployment) • QFD is a method (approach), that connects the customer requirements with the product’s characteristics and function • The house of quality is a multidimensional table that shows the interconnection between the CR and the EC • It consists of 12 elements

  38. House of quality

  39. House of quality Correlation matrix The product’s aim EC CR Correlation matrix between CR and EC Benchmarking against the concurrent products The importance factor EC valueobjectives Technical benchmarking Production difficulty risk Absolute relevance Relative relevance

  40. Integrated product developmentConcept generation and embodiment • The product is a sum of the DPs embodiments • The phases of the product development are the following (they overlap): • Different concept generation and rating • Configuration definition (3D – in space relationships between modules) • Final embodiment that includes the concepts

  41. Design for Analysis • Complex problems are divided into smaller, more simple parts, because then the problem can be analyzed with more simple methods

  42. ExampleDetermine the number of teachers at the university • Number of students: • 1. y 300 • 2. y 200 • 3. y 150 • Sum 650 • Group size • Laboratory 20 • Practice 40 • Lecture 60 • Mean 40 • Number of groups 650/40=16 • Number of classes per week 30 • Total number of classes 30*16=480 • Teaching ours for teachers per week • Lecture 6 • Practice Laboratory 12 • Mean 9 • Number of teachers 480/9 =53

  43. Concept generation • To each DP, the development team should generate as many concepts as it is possible • To achieve this, the development team can use: • Brainstorming (lot of ideas, that can lead to other ideas, no analysis) • Benchmarking • Literature...

  44. Brainstorming (questions for ideas)

  45. Examples

  46. Morphological method • Instead of random solution generation, the development team should define the surroundings in which the possible solutions can be found • One of the possibilities is to use a morphological method that leads to the filtration of all the theoretically possible solutions

  47. Example • Energy storage can be different: • Mechanical • Mass in motion • Thermodynamic • Fluid on proper temperature • Electric • Battery • Hydraulic • Fluid in motion

  48. Example • Mechanical solution for converting the rotation movement into linear movement

  49. Configuration definitionExample

  50. Concept rating and choosing the right solution • The rating contains: • Defined boundaries (force, movements, dimensions, power supply…) • Working surroundings • Ease of production, possibility of production

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