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NAME REACTIONS

NAME REACTIONS. PREPARED BY PRASHANTH C P KV GANESHKHIND PUNE. ALDOL CONDENSATION. When two molecules of aldehydes of ketones containing α-hydrogen on reaction with dil NaOH undergo condensation To form β-hydroxyaldehydes of ketones. CROSS ALDOL CONDENSATION.

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NAME REACTIONS

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  1. NAMEREACTIONS PREPARED BY PRASHANTH C P KV GANESHKHIND PUNE

  2. ALDOL CONDENSATION

  3. When two molecules of aldehydes of ketones containing α-hydrogen on reaction with dil NaOH undergo condensation To form β-hydroxyaldehydes of ketones.

  4. CROSS ALDOL CONDENSATION

  5. Aldol condensation of a mixture of two different aldehydes Or ketones ,each containing an α-hydrogen gives a mixture of Four products.

  6. CARBYLAMINE REACTION

  7. When a primary amine(aliphatic or aromatic ) is heated with Chloroform and alcoholic KOH ,it forms an isocyanide or Carbylamine having offensive smell.

  8. CANNIZZARO REACTION

  9. Aldehydes not containing an α-hydrogen atom,when treated With conc. Alkali ,then one molecule gives an alcohol and Another molecule gives corresponding carboxylic acid salt.

  10. COUPLING REACTION

  11. When diazonium salt react with phenol or aromatic amine To give azo compounds.The coupling with phenol takes place In mild alkaline medium.while in case of amines it occurs in Acidic medium.

  12. CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION

  13. When aldehyde of ketone reduce with amalgamated zinc And conc. HCl gives corresponding alkane.

  14. DIAZOTISATION REACTION

  15. When a cold solution of primary aromatic amine is treated With cold solution of nitrous acid in the presence of Dil.mineral acid at 273-278 K arene diazonium salts are Formed.

  16. ETARD REACTION

  17. When toluene react with chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2) In CCl4 or CS2 to give benzaldehyde is called Etards reaction

  18. FINKELSTEIN REACTION

  19. Alkyl iodide is prepared by the reaction of alkyl chloride/ Bromide with NaI in dry acetone.

  20. FITTIG REACTION

  21. When aryl halide treated with sodium in dry ether then Aryl halide give biphenyl or diphenyl.

  22. FRIEDAL-CRAFTS REACTION

  23. Aromatic compounds like benzene,chorobenzene, Toluene etc react with alkyl halide,acid chloride and Anhydride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to form Electrophilic substitution products.

  24. GABRIEL PHTHALIMIDE SYNTHESIS

  25. Phthalilmide is converted into patassium salt by treating with Alc KOH,then heated with alkyl halide to yield an N-alkyl Phthalimide which is hydrolysed to phthalic acid and a primary Amine by heating with HCl or KOH.

  26. GATTERMANN-KOCH SYNTHESIS

  27. When a mixture of CO and HCl gas is passed through Benzene at 323 K in presence of a catalyst consisting of Anhydrous AlCl3 and a small amount of CuCl,benzaldehyde Is formed.

  28. GATTERMANN REACTION

  29. In this reaction benzene diazonium chloride is treated with Copper powder and a hologen acid to form aryl halide.

  30. HELL VOLHARD ZELINSKY REACTION

  31. Aliphatic carboxylic acids containing α-hydrogen when reacts With Cl2 of Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus gives α-halo Acids .this reaction is called H V Z reaction.

  32. HOFFMANN BROMAMIDE OR HOFFMANN DEGRADATION OFAMIDES

  33. The conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine containing One carbon less than the original on heating with a mixture of Br2 in the presence of NaOH or KOH is called Hoffmann Bromamide reaction.

  34. IODOFORM REACTION

  35. All compounds containing the group CH3CH2OH, CH3COCH3 when treated with halogen and excess of alkali Forms haloform.

  36. KOLBE’S REACTION

  37. Sodium phenoxide react with CO2 under pressure(4-7 atm) At 400 K to form sodium salicylate which upon acidification With HCl gives salicylic acid.

  38. MENDIUS REACTION

  39. The reduction of alkyl and aryl cyanides to primary amines With nascent hydrogen is known as Mendius reaction.

  40. RIEMER-TIEMANN REACTION

  41. Phenol when reacts with chloroform in the presence of Aq.sodium or potassium hydroxide followed by hydrolysis Produces 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde.(salicylaldehyde)

  42. ROSENMUND REACTION

  43. Catalytic reduction of acid chloride to the corresponding Aldehydes is called Rosenmund reduction.

  44. SANDMEYER REACTION

  45. Benzene diazonium chloride on treatment with CuCl/HCl CuBr/HBr,CuCN/KCN produce chlorobenzene,bromo Benzene,benzonitrile respectively.

  46. STEPHEN REACTION OR STEPHEN REDUCTION

  47. Alkyl or aryl cyanides reduce to the corresponding aldehydes With a suspension of anhydrous stannous chloride in ether, Saturated with HCl at room temperature followed By hydrolysis.

  48. SWARTS REACTION

  49. The synthesis of alkyl flouride is best accompanied by Heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a Metallic Flouride such as AgF,Hg2F2,CoF2 or SbF3.

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