18.2 The Spanish-American War (1898)

1. 18.2 The Spanish-American War (1898) Objectives: 1. Contrast American opinions regarding the Cuban revolt against Spain 2. Identify the events that escalated conflict between the United States and Spain. 3. Describe the course of the Spanish-American War and its results.

2. America’s interest in Cuba • Both P.R. and Cuba were controlled by Spain • 1886 – Cubans fight for emancipation from Spain • Leading supplier of sugar to the United States • 1894 – high tariff on Cuban sugar destroys their economy • Jose Martí leading fight for Cuban independence from Spain • Led a guerilla group against sugar mills and plantations • Tried to get U.S. involved. • Cuba Libre!!! • American public opinion was split

3. WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR? • Spanish General Valeriano Weyler cracks down on Cuba, creates “concentration camps,” thousands die of hunger & disease • 300,000 Cubans were forced into camps! • Hearst and Pulitzer’s US papers fuel war fever with yellow journalism • What is Yellow journalism? • What did Hearst and Pulitzer do/say? • McKinley pressures Spain and they lessen their control in Cuba • Modified policy on concentration camps, allowed limited govt.

4. U.S. Public Opinion Begins to Turn • De Lome Letter: criticizes Pres. McKinley • Who is Enrique Dupuy de Lome? • What did it say? Did anyone agree with it? • The explosion of the USS Maine Feb. 15, 1898 • Was sent to protect American lives and property • 260 Americans died • No one knew what happened • Who was held responsible? • What do we know today about the explosion?

5. Why did McKinley call for war with Spain? • Popular • Business interests • Spanish “despotism” • U.S.S. Maine incident • Yellow Press/jingoism • Maine Incident

7. Spanish-American War • “Remember the Maine!!” • U.S. declares war on Spain April 20, 1898 • May 1 - George Dewey landed in Manila and destroyed the Spanish fleet • Over 11,000 Americans then joined forces with the Filipinos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo • By August, Spanish troops had surrendered to American forces

8. Invade Cuba? • Americans turned their attention to Cuba, but there were some problems: • 1. Not enough modern equipment • 2. inadequate leaders • 3. Woolen uniforms • 4. Inexperienced and ill-prepared

9. Who are the Rough Riders? regiment of American volunteers , including cowboys, polo players, ex-convicts…and Teddy Roosevelt Why are they historically significant? http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_From1877ChapterDoc/ChapterImages/Ch19RooseveltandtheRough%20Riders.jpg

10. San Juan Hill • 17,000 Americans landed in Cuba in June 1898 • Charges by Americans on Kettle Hill (including two African American regiments) cleared the way for San Juan Hill • America wins the Battle for San Juan Hill and TR is declared hero • Spanish fleet tries to escape but had to surrender to the American Navy • America then invaded Puerto Rico

11. OUTCOMES p. 534 • 379 US combat deaths, 5000+ deaths from disease • Treaty of Paris of 1898: -Cuba “freed” -Guam and Puerto Rico are US possessions -Philippines purchased for $20 million then annexed to US • Increase in American prestige abroad

12. TERMS • Jose Marti • Valeriano Weyler • Yellow journalism • U.S.S. Maine • George Dewey • Rough Riders • San Juan Hill Objectives: 1. Contrast American opinions regarding the Cuban revolt against Spain 2. Identify the events that escalated conflict between the United States and Spain. 3. Describe the course of the Spanish-American War and its results.