1 / 23

Toshiya Hoshino, PhD Professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University

POLÍTICAS DE COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL— O CASO DO JAPÃO. Collaboration between Japan and CPLP in Africa: Activities of UN Peacebuilding Commission to Guinea-Bissau. Toshiya Hoshino, PhD Professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University 12 May, 2009. Com o apoio:.

dominy
Download Presentation

Toshiya Hoshino, PhD Professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. POLÍTICAS DE COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL—O CASO DO JAPÃO Collaboration between Japan and CPLP in Africa: Activities of UN Peacebuilding Commission to Guinea-Bissau Toshiya Hoshino, PhD Professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University 12 May, 2009 Com o apoio:

  2. Why Peacebuilding? 1. Peacebuilding as a global challenge Globalization Paradox Wealth Gaps World is globalizing, beyond borders (unevenly, though): Within borders, however, peoples and communities are often divided, particularly in fragile states. “The Bottom Billion” and the Rest, now, exacerbated by the rise in food and energy prices, by the climate change, and by infectious diseases…. Civil/communal wars > inter-state wars …in many post-conflict countries Peacebuilding Challenge Need to Cut the Vicious Cycle of Conflict and Poverty

  3. Why Peacebuilding? 2. Peacebuilding Needs and Gaps? Peacebuilding Needs Peacebuilding is … ■Approx. 80% of countries with lower Human Development Index (HDI) have experienced violent civil wars in the post-Cold War period. “Action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict “ ■44% of civil wars reignite within 5 years after peace agreements ■The risk of renewed conflict goes up around 1 year after post-conflict elections But, frequently, Peacebuilding Gaps: Between Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding Between Peacebuilding and Economic Recovery

  4. UN Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) Why Peacebuildng Gaps? Diagnose: Lack of … sustained international attention sustained mutual commitment/coordination sustained resource mobilization Prescription: Filling the gaps strategically by developing and implementing an integrated peacebuilding strategy in the transition from conflict to peace Establishment of Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) as an outcome of UN reform of 2005

  5. UN Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) Establishment of the PBC - Recommended in High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change in 2004 - Proposed by the Secretary-General Annan in his “In larger Freedom” Report in March 2004 - Decided to establish at the 2005 World Summit Outcome document in March 2005. - Formally established by A/60/180 and S/RES/1695 in December 2005. PBC and Peacebuilding Architecture

  6. UN Peacebuilding Architecture Security Council General Assembly Peacebuildiing Commission Secretary-General Organizational Committee (31 Members, IFIs and Institutional Donors) Peacebuilding Support Office Country Specific Configurations Burundi / Sierra Leone Guinea-Bissau/ CAR Peacebuilding Fund Advisory Group Working Group on Lesson Learned

  7. UN Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) • Est. 12/20/2005 as a result of UN Reform as “an intergovernmental advisory body” • Goal: promote post-conflict peacebuilding by Bring together all relevant actors UN/non-UN) Help develop “Integrated PB strategy” Sustain attention/Marshal resources →Fill PB gap (attention/resource/…..) • Members: 31 UN Member States plus IFIs and institutional donors (EU/EC, OIC)

  8. UN Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) Leadership in PBC 1. Organizational Committee Chair: Angola → Japan → Chile 2. Country Specific Configurations: Chairs Burundi: Norway → Sweden Sierra Leone：the Netherland → Canada Guinea-Bissau: Brazil Central African Republic: Belgium 3. Lessons Learned WG: Chair El Salvador

  9. Guinea-Bissau and PBC A Model Case for Peacebuilding Support Process 1. Chronology 2007/07/11 Letter of Request from GNB gov. to SG 2007/07/26 SG brought the letter to Security Council’s attention 2007/12/11 President of SC refer the case to the PBC Chair 2007/12/19 PBC/OC established a country-specific meeting on GNB under the leadership of Permanent Rep of Brazail.

  10. Guinea-Bissau and PBC 2. Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding inGuinea-Bissau, 31 July 2008 (PBC/3/GNB/3) “SHARED RESPONSIBILITY” Amb. Viotti Priority Areas for GNB: Elections and institutional support to the electoral Commission Measures to jump-start the economy and rehabilitate the infrastructure, in particular in the energy sector. Security and defense sector reform Strengthening of the justice sector , consolidating the rule of law and fighting against drug trafficking Public administration reform Social Issues critical to peacebuilding Quick impact project by using PBF IMF/WB renew their support PBCmembers’ “new look ” at GNB for Support EU/EC African regional orgs’ efforts CPLP countries’ solidarity Private sector Civil society Women’s group Coherent/coordinated UN & non-UN activities

  11. UN Peacebuilding Commission PBC’s “Business Model” (when referred by the SC) 1. Request from the host country (X) to be on the agenda of the PBC. Request is mostly sent to the President of the Security Council) 2. PBC’s Organizational Committee (OC) decides to place the country on the PBC agendaafterthe referral from the Council. 3. OC decides to establish a new Country-Specific Meeting (CSM) for country X, and to elect the chair of that meeting.

  12. UN Peacebuilding Commission 5. Bi-annual review of progress through the MTM benchmarks. 6. Removal from the PBC agenda after reasonable consolidation of local peacebuilding.

  13. PBC’s Business Model • Receives a letter of request (=demonstration of political will) from the candidate state to be on the PBC agenda (to SC) • Organizational Committee puts the country on the PBC agenda (normally from the referral from the SC) • OC establishes a new country specific meeting (CSM), together with the selection of the chair of that configuration. • CSM starts developing/drafting an “integrated peacebuilding strategy” with key priority areas for peacebuilding support by incorporating the views of host government and people and relevant bilateral/multilateral donors and stakeholders, based on mapping. • Establishing an MTM (monitoring & tracking mechanisms) • Biannual review of the progress of IPBS by MTM • Removal from the PBC agenda when time comes

  14. Japan’s Leadership at PBC • For making the PBC a viable & effective body, Japan - Tried to foster PBC’s prestige in international arena, - Always stressed the need to listen to the local voices and seek tangible progress on the ground by providing real added value thru PBC, - Developed Practices for more effective work methods, - Regularized consultations with the leadership of Security Council, General Assembly, ECOSOC, and Secretary-General in the UN system, - Strengthened ties with WB/IMF at top level, - Strengthened ties with regional organizations/banks and non-traditional actors (eg. the private sector),

  15. Japan’s Leadership at PBC • promoted advocacy and mainstreaming peacebuilding as an international policy priority, • promoted common understanding on PB support: 9 critical questions for effective peacebuilding support efforts. (please see, Yukio Takasu, Note for Effective Joint Endeavours for Peacebuilding, 23 June 2008. at Japanese UN Mission’s website http://www.un.int/japan/jp/topics/080623_Note%20on%20Peacebuilding.pdf)

  16. Nine points Checklist 1. Aren’t we trying to apply the same template to many different case? (No-One-Size-Fits-All.) • Are firm national ownership and the primary responsibility of national authority for peacebuilding present, respected and supported? • For ensuring a smooth handover from peacekeeping activities, are the linkages between security, development and human rights and rule of law adequately prioritized and sequenced as vital building blocks for peacebuilding?

  17. Nine Points Checklist • For consolidating peace, are steady efforts for advancing a constructive political process for peace made effectively? • For capable and accountable nation-building, is an appropriate mix of support provided to ensure effective checks and balances in governing affairs and promote institutional capacity-building and reform? • For ensuring a seamless transition to recovery and economic development, is the steady and timely provision of tangible dividends for peace made available to the people?

  18. Nine Points Checklist • For orchestrating national and international efforts to promote a smooth transition on the ground, are coordinated, coherent and integrated approaches properly planned by bringing all the relevant actors together under effective leadership? • Is the political will to take a longer-term view in favour of sustainable engagement demonstrated? • Is each of us ready to respond to the call of countries that require international attention and support? …….YES!

  19. Inspiration from H.E. Mr. Chissano, Chairperson of the Africa Forum for Former African Heads of State and Government (Fmr President, Mozambique) “Peace must come from within and not from outside” “The people are at the center of peacebuilding” (from the remarks at a PBC meeting)

  20. Japan’s Approaches to Peacebuilding Peacebuiling ＝Consolidation ＋Nation-building of Peace Political Role Operational Support Level：” Human Security” Approach ＋ Local Level：Respect for Ownership N G8 TICAD Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation ＋Human Contribution＋Intellectual Input + Peacebuilding Human Resource Development

  21. Conclusion - Post-conflict peacebuilding is an important public policy area to be followed-up for the advancement of human security in the country in question and for the promotion of peace and stability of the world and particularly in Africa) - Japan’s unique contribution/commitment as “Heiwa Kokka,”a country dedicated to Peace. - Real overlap of interest between Japan and Europe as well as with CPLP which need to be elaborated for advancing mutual cooperation.

  22. Conclusion - International peacebuilding support, particularly in Africa, can be a good area of consultation in the 150 anniversary of the establishment of modern diplomatic relations between Japan-Portugal in 2010. - An intellectual track II-type dialogue to substantiate concrete options for Japan-CPLP peacebuilding cooperation through OSIPP (Osaka Univ.) and IEE (Universidade Catolica Portuguesa) can be proposed.

  23. Thank you for your kind attention. Views expressed in this presentation is my own, and not represent any organization or body. Toshiya Hoshino hoshino@osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp

More Related