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Health Psychology

+. =. Health Psychology. Key Concepts. Health Psychology : health is the influence of both our physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology (stress/social support). Lifestyle : the patterns of our everyday decisions which characterize our behavior.

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Health Psychology

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  1. + = Health Psychology

  2. Key Concepts • Health Psychology: health is the influence of both our physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology (stress/social support). • Lifestyle: the patterns of our everyday decisions which characterize our behavior. • Stress: personal response to events that threaten to disrupt our daily behaviors.

  3. General Adaptation Syndrome • Alarm • Resistance • Exhaustion COGNITIVE APPRAISAL

  4. Sympathetic Fight or Flight Eyes open Wide Mouth Goes Dry Hr Increase Start to Sweat Parasympathetic Maintenance & Refuel Eyes constrict Mouth Waters Digestion Blood away from muscles Autonomic Nervous System

  5. Level of stress (Holmes & Rahe, 1967) Length of the stressor (Cohen et al., 1998) Relationship between Stress & Health p. 498

  6. Stress Buffers • Social Support • Optimism vs. Pessimism • Exercise p. 503

  7. Optimists Problem-focused Suppress competing activities Look for social support Pessimists Denial/ Distancing Disengage from goal Focus on their feelings Coping Strategies p. 503

  8. Yerkes-Dodson law

  9. Strategies for Health Education • Health Belief Model (Becker, 1974) • PRECEDE Model (Green, 1984) • Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977) • Stages of Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) Elder, Apodaca, Parra-Medina, &DeNuncio (1998)

  10. Strong positive intention to change. Min of barriers. Posses the skills. “Believe” in the intervention Perceive the behavior as normal. Consistent with self-schema. “Feel” good about the behavior. Receive reinforcement from your environment. Overlapping Ideas

  11. Health Belief Model 1. Perceived threat 2. Belief a behavior will alleviate stress

  12. Influence of Social Factors • Individualistic Perspective • Religion • Cultural/Social Isolation • SES • acculturation

  13. Risk Factors Smoking Diet Exercise Alcohol Interventions Social Support Contingency Contracts Extinction Drug therapy Risk Factors & Wellness Problems • Cardiovascular • Cancer • Overweight • Korsokov’s • Risky Behaviors

  14. Prevention • Primary Prevention: reduce the occurrence of the illness. • Gain Framing • Secondary Prevention: decrease the severity of the illness. Importance of early detection. • Loss Framing

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