CHALLENGE ACTIVITIES

1. CHALLENGE ACTIVITIES

2. There have been significant __________ in experiential education and _______ courses. • Managing a challenge course requires a broader ________ base in both technical and management _________. • Ropes related activities involve an element of ________ with the potential for a serious injury or ________ if not properly managed.

3. Ropes activities are classified as: • ______ elements (relatively close to the ground) • _______ elements (minimum of 3 to 4 feet above ground and higher) • More accidents occur on the _______ elements • On high elements, the ________ system provides a greater degree of safety if performed properly • The _________ for a more severe injury in on the __________ ropes course.

4. The _______ management plan should emphasize reducing ___________ and the prevention of fatalities and injuries. • The use of _________ should be part of the program. • __________ of minors should sign a “Agreement to Participate” form and a “Release of Liability” form • “Release of Liability” form may not hold up in court

5. Documents should be ________ and detail potential _________. • Any _________ safety concerns should be asked about in __________ (eg. medical issues, allergies etc…) • Participation should be ___________ • Depending on the activity, attention should be given to group size. • Staff ratio _________

6. The ______________ of risk in challenge activities should include: • A period of __________ acquaintance activities to ensure that the individual ___________ know each other (_____ _________) • A program that provides for the _______ exchange of ideas and encourages each participant to _________ themselves without hesitation and without concern of peer ________ • Activities that establish _________ among the participants (team building and initiative activities)

7. Considerations • No __________ equipment should be used. • Companies having ________ and experience (insured) should be the only ones to _______, install or inspect the __________. • Liability for failure of equipment and ________ flaws will often be shared with the provider, installer, ________ and manufacturer. • Facilitators should do a _______ check on the condition of the equipment _______ being used.

8. No leader, student or ___________ should be responsible for belaying on a course without proving ____________. • Participants should be taught the proper way to “_______” off of elements. • Facilitator must _________ the physical and psychological health of an individual participant before __________ a person to participate.

9. Any _______ should be given to participants clearly and repeatedly. • Safety ___________ must be utilized by all participants including instructors. • Correct “how to” ___________ are necessary before starting an activity. • Good sequential implementation of an activity plan will result in a ________ exposure to risk.

10. PLAYGROUND SAFETY

11. STATISTICS • Over _____________ children are taken to the emergency room each _________ due to accidents on playgrounds • 76% are on ___________ playgrounds • 147 deaths in the past _____ years • Fast Food Establishment playgrounds

12. Playground Safety Guidelines, Standards and Recommendations • Guidelines Set by Agencies • Consumer Product Safety Commission (______) • Handbook for Public Playground Safety • American Society for Testing and Materials (______) • NRPA- NPSI (national playground safety institute)- CPSI (certified playground safety inspector) • Audits, Experts • Expert __________ • Legal _________ • Statutes/Laws

13. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 1. Improper Playground __________ • 75% of all playground accidents are from falls • Not Recommended: astroturf, _________, packed earth • Recommended: • Rubber ________ • Loose Fill

14. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 2. Protrusion and ___________ Hazards • Protrusion • cuts or _________ • may cause ________________ • No open “S” hooks • 3. Inadequate Fall Zone/Equipment __________ • area under/near a piece of equipment where a child might fall

15. Equipment Spacing and Fall Zones • Minimum requirements: • __ _______ from Single Stand Alone piece of playground equipment. • __ _________ between two pieces of equipment

16. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 4. _____________ in Openings • head and shoulders • General Rule: there should be no openings on playground equipment that measure between ___ ______ and ___ ________ • look for openings- e.g. between rungs

17. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 5. ________ Prevention Issues • Guide ________ • Handrails should be age appropriate (i.e. thickness) • Ladder ________ should be evenly spaced.

18. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 6. _______ Hazards • exposed concrete footings • surface ________ • borders • tree roots, _________ • rocks

19. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 7. Lack of _______________ • design should allow line of sight • More than _________ of playground injuries are related to lack of supervision

20. Top Ten Playground Hazards • 8. ______ Appropriateness • separate areas for pre-school age and school age children- use appropriate equipment • 9. Crush ________, Sharp Edges • e.g. slides • 10. Lack of ___________ or ______________ of Equipment • check surfacing, wear, secure hardware

21. Other Hazards • Lead _________ • Suspended Hazards - should be 7’ above highest surface (tree branches, wires, __________, __________, etc.) • Burn hazards (________)

22. Recommended Exclusions • __________________ • Glider ___________ • Multiple Occupancy Swings • Rope Swings • may loop or fray (create a noose or break) • Exercise Rings, and Trapeze Bars • swinging __________

23. Inspections and Audits • Inspections and routine maintenance: • ____________ and identifies common problems • Audit • _______ frequent but very in depth