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Loyce Okedi NARO-LIRI, Uganda

" HAT transmission dynamics in current epidemic North-eastern and traditional gambiense North-western foci in Uganda". Loyce Okedi NARO-LIRI, Uganda. WHO IGGI Meeting, Dec 2006.

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Loyce Okedi NARO-LIRI, Uganda

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  1. "HAT transmission dynamics in current epidemic North-eastern and traditional gambiense North-western foci in Uganda" Loyce Okedi NARO-LIRI, Uganda WHO IGGI Meeting, Dec 2006

  2. UgandaAstride the Equator in the “heart” of AfricaWhere the “jungle” of the equatorial forests meets the savanna grasslandThe largest lake in Africa draining its waters northwards thru the mighty River Nile North-west South-east

  3. Sleeping Sickness foci in Africa Vs Uganda 2000 2004 Sleeping Sickness foci Source WHO/TDR In Uganda, a merger now feared

  4. North West

  5. Sleeping sickness deaths in Uganda, 1905-1920Source: Uganda Protectorate (1911) Reports of the 1911 Census Returns. The National Archives, Entebbe, Uganda, Open Shelf Library. Assembled by: L. Berrang-Ford, University of Guelph, Canada, 2002.) Sleeping sickness foci in Uganda, ‘05 (Source: MoH, Kampala, Uganda). Note: Two cases were reported in the north-west district of Masindi in 1998Soroti – 1998Kumi, Kaberamaido and south Lira in 2004-6

  6. Objectives • To assess the sleeping sickness status in north of Lake Kyoga, Uganda • Against the background of no animal reservoir studies confirming any peri-domestic animal to the gambiense reservoir, we now continue to establish the risk of rhodesiense and gambiense HAT overlap in Teso and Lango sub-regions thru/with human sleeping sickness and tsetse fly data • Collect vector and parasite materials for: tsetse population genetics trypanosome transmission dynamics endo-symbiont inter- relationships Menu For today

  7. Trap of choice Bioconical trap with POCA baits Challier and Laveissierre (1973 Dry season Wet season

  8. Alongside medical and veterinary Multi-disciplinary teams

  9. Understanding Vector Dynamics Wet – dry senarios in Arua in 2005

  10. Understanding Vector Dynamics in Arua

  11. North-west All infected flies from one grid over 8 days

  12. Lira HAT microscopy in 2006 7-d survey

  13. Lira Tsetse fly microscopy in 2006 7 d survey 21 flies from one grid

  14. Aloi is in Lira, north of the 2oN latitude

  15. Distribution of Sleeping sickness vector in Uganda, 1969 Source: Tsetse distributions, 1969, Atlas of Uganda (1971) Department of Lands and Surveys, Entebbe, Uganda. Digitized and complied by ILRI-Nairobi, 2001.

  16. Reasons for the Progression HAT N-wards • Insurgency of 1990s in districts north of Lake Kyoga Animal movements - Restocking of cattle Population movements • Insurgency extended in 2003 to Kaberamaido east of Lake Kyoga -Outbreak in IDP camp in Otuboi. -Dokolo County neighbouring Kaberamaido- Insufficient control and surveillance measures in Soroti district Lira District – Aloi in 2006

  17. Conclusion • Because of this progression there’s fear that the two forms of the disease may merge or have now merged. • There’s therefore urgent need for all partners to further strengthen HAT control and surveillance measures. • Need for new diagnostic and treatment possibilities • Vector-based disease control strategies to knock down the vector and parasites

  18. Characterisation of G.ff vectors from SS foci across Uganda • For genetic diversity and gene flow within and between G. f. fuscipes sub-populationscompare the genetic variability of G. f. fuscipes sub-populations found in sleeping sickness disease foci. • Data generated will contribute to decision making in the assessment of areas at risk of trypanosomiasis control • Ongoing Work • Optimization of PCR with dye labeled primers : • ABI fragment analysis of PCR products to estimate: • genetic variation within sub-populations, between sub-populations and other Gene flow estimates and parameters – Yale as an associate EANETT member

  19. Thank you for listening AcknowledgementsDirector and Staff, Livestock Health Research Institute (LIRI) Tororo, UgandaManager, National SS Programme, MOH, Kampala, UgandaDirector, Coordinating Office for Control of Trypanosomiasis in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda

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