European Nationalism & Imperialism

1. European Nationalism & Imperialism 1815-1914

2. Nationalism • Nationalism is the desire for political independence for individuals possessing a similar identity and culture (food, dress, language, religion, art, history, etc…) • Who was the individual most responsible for the spread of nationalism in Europe? • Napoleon Bonaparte • Who was most responsible for the spread of nationalism in the world? • The European Imperialist Nations • Also a major cause of THE GREAT WAR…

3. Affected European Countries • Belgium – 1815 • France – 1848, 1852, 1870, 1875, 1914 • Germany – 1848, 1862, 1866, 1870, 1871, 1888, 1890 • Austria-Hungary – 1848, 1867,1908, 1914 • Italy – 1848, 1852, 1859, 1861, 1870, 1912 • Great Britain – 1815, 1832, 1837, 1871, 1900, 1901 • Russia – 1856, 1861, 1881, 1894, 1890, 1900, 1905 • *Canada – 1763, 1837, 1838, 1840, 1867, 1870, 1896

4. BELGIUM • Achieved independence 1815

5. FRANCE • 1830 – Constitutional monarchy established • 1848 – The Second French Republic established • 1852 – Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon III (The 2nd Empire begins) • 1870 – Franco-Prussian War • Alsace and Lorraine are lost to the Prussians • 2nd Empire ends • 1875 – Constitution written • Third republic established • Prime Minister and 2 house Legislature • 1894 – France and Russia become allies • 1907 – The Triple Entente is formed • France, Britain, and Russia

6. GERMANY • 1848 – Frankfurt Assembly attempted a new constitution • 1862 – Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck ruled Prussia • 1866 – Austro-Prussian War, gained Schleswig & Holstein • 1870 – Franco-Prussian War, gained Alsace & Lorraine • 1871 – 2nd German Empire • William I of Prussia crowned Kaiser • Bundesrat & Reichstag established • 1888 – William II becomes Kaiser • 1890 – William II fires Bismarck & breaks treaty with Russia • 1907 - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy become allies

7. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY • 1848 – Revolutionary forces demanded a constitution • 1867 – End of Austrian-Prussian War • Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary created • 1907 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy become allies • 1908 – Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina • 1914 – Assassination of Arch Duke Franz-Ferdinand

8. ITALY • 1848 – Revolutionary forces fought for liberal ideas (failed) • 1852 – Piedmont • Count Camillodi Cavour named Prime Minister • Piedmont becomes ally of France • 1859 – Cavour provoked a war with Austrians • 1861 – Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Red Shirts united Italy • Gave conquered areas to Piedmont • 1866 – Austro-Prussian War, Venetia is given to Italy • 1870 – Franco-Prussian War (Italy’s not involved) • Italy completes unification • 1907 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy become allies • 1912 – Universal male suffrage granted

9. GREAT BRITAIN • 1815 – Britain governed by aristocratic landowners • 1832 – Middle class allowed to vote • 1837 – Queen Victoria becomes queen • longest ruler in British History 1837-1901 • 1871 – 2 Party Politics (Liberals and Conservatives) • 1900 – Labour Party emerged (3rd Political Party) • 1901 – Queen Victoria dies, ending Victorian Era • 1907 – The Triple Entente is formed • France, Britain, and Russia

10. RUSSIA • 1856 – Russia lost the Crimean War • 1861 – Serfdom abolished in Russia • 1881 – Czar Alexander II assassinated, reforms end • 1890 – Russia rapidly industrializes • 1894 – Nicholas II becomes czar (absolute ruler) • 1900 – 4th largest producer of steel • #1 =USA, #2 =Germany, #3 Great Britain, #4 Russia • 1905 – “Bloody Sunday” & The Russo-Japanese War • 1907 – The Triple Entente is formed • France, Britain, and Russia

11. THE UNITED STATES • To be discussed in depth during the next 3 years at UDA

12. CANADA • 1763 – Seven Year’s War ends • All of Canada belongs to British now • 1837 – Ontario and Quebec rebel and argue for liberal rights • 1840 – Unification of Upper and Lower Canada • One political unit • Canada feared takeover by the Americans • 1867 – British North America Act • Canada is now its own nation • Foreign policy still controlled by Britain • 4 provinces (Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, & New Brunswick) • 1871 – Manitoba and British Columbia join Canada • 1896 – French and British Canadians reconciled differences • Canada becomes more important on the “world stage”

13. Latin America

14. Famous Latin Americans

15. Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture • Slave in Hispaniola • Led a slave revolt against the Spanish • Defeated the Spanish • 1st successful revolution in Latin America • Free portion of Hispaniola became known as Haiti History of the Haitian Independence Struggle 1791-1804

16. Father Miguel Hidalgo • Mexican Priest • Led a revolt of Mestizos and Native Americans against the Spanish • Unsuccessful • Hidalgo was captured and killed • Sparked future attempts for Mexican independence

17. Simon Bolivar • Liberator of Venezuela • Helped Jose de San Martin liberate Peru

18. Jose de San Martin • Citizen of Argentina • Liberator of… • Argentina • Colombia • Ecuador • Chile • Peru • Freed most of South America from Spanish Control • Believed that the only way for South America to be free was to remove the Spanish from the continent

19. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Increased the territories of the US • Texas seceded from Mexico(1836) • Cession of Mexican Territory (1848) • Gadsden Purchase (1853) • Mexican Caudillo • Ruled using military might • Unsuccessful as a ruler

20. Benito Juarez • Mexican National hero • Caudillo reformer • Followed Santa Anna • Brought liberals ideas to Mexico • Separation of Church & State • Land distribution to the poor • Educational system for all Mexicans

21. Porfirio Diaz • Mexican dictator • Favored the ruling elite • Eventually forced from power • Began 10 years of revolution

22. The Mexican Revolution • Made Mexico into the country it is today. • Before the revolution, Mexico was powerful. • More Information here… • Information on the Mexican Revolution

23. Sources • Abzug, Robert H. Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination. New York: Oxford, 1994. ISBN 0195037529. • Answers.com. 17 March 2006.Answers Corporation 1999-2006. 17 March, 2006.http://www.answers.com/ • Barnes, Gilbert H. The Anti-Slavery Impulse 1830-1844. With an Introduction by William G. McLoughlin. New York: Harcourt, 1964. ISBN 0781253071. • Davis, David Brion. Ante-Bellum Reform. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. ISBN 006041555X. • Filler, Louis. The Crusade Against Slavery 1830-1860. New York: Harper, 1960. ISBN 0917256298. • Griffin, Clifford S. Their Brothers' Keepers: Moral Stewardship in the United States 1800-1865. New Brunswick: Rutgers, 1967. ISBN 0313240590. • Hammond, John L. The Politics of Benevolence: Revival Religion and American Voting Behavior. Norwood: Ablex, 1979. ISBN 0893910139. • Harrold, Stanley. The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995. ISBN 081310968X. • Harrold, Stanley. The American Abolitionists. Longman, 2000. ISBN 0582357381. • Harrold, Stanley. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004. ISBN 0813122902. • Huston, James L. "The Experiential Basis of the Northern Antislavery Impulse." Journal of Southern History 56:4 (November 1990): 609-640. • Lott, Eric. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 019509641X. • Mintz, Steven. Moralists and Modernizers: America's Pre-Civil War Reformers. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1995. ISBN 0801850819. • Perry, Lewis and Michael Fellman, eds. Antislavery Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Abolitionists. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ Press, 1979. ISBN 0807108898. • Speicher, Anna M. The Religious World of Antislavery Women: Spirituality in the Lives of Five Abolitionist Lecturers. Syracuse: Syracuse Univ Press, 2000. ISBN 0815628501. • Thistlethwaite, Frank. Anglo-American Connection in the Early Nineteenth Century. New York: Russell & Russell, 1971. ISBN 0846215403.