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Amateur Space Communications Albert - N4ZFG

Amateur Space Communications Albert - N4ZFG. Space Communications. Look at Project OSCAR History Operating Modes Prediction Software How do I get started Who Else Uses Amateur Satellites Future Satellites. Russian Sputnik. Oct 1957- Sputnik Beacons on 20.003 Mhz and 40.010 Mhz

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Amateur Space Communications Albert - N4ZFG

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  1. Amateur Space CommunicationsAlbert - N4ZFG

  2. Space Communications Look at Project OSCAR History Operating Modes Prediction Software How do I get started Who Else Uses Amateur Satellites Future Satellites

  3. Russian Sputnik Oct 1957- Sputnik Beacons on 20.003 Mhz and 40.010 Mhz Near WWV signals Beeping signals only

  4. Moon Bounce (EME) First Attempt by Amateurs in Space Communications W4AO, Ross Bateman; and W3GKP, William L. Smith transmitted signals at the moon and heard the return echoes of their own signal. Proved Space Communications (1953)

  5. Balloon Flights 1959- W6TNS Don Stoner proposed to build a spacecraft with a transponder on board in Feb 1961 QST Article Used High Altitude Balloon With 6m input and 2m Output Repeater Payload Onboard

  6. PROJECT OSCAR In 1960 a group of radio amateurs in Sunnyvale California read Stoner’s article and created a group called Project OSCAR. The OSCAR stood for Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio. Convince the U.S. Government that amateur satellites provide useful functions in the areas of scientific exploration, disaster communications, and science education.

  7. OSCAR 1 The First Satellite Built by the Project OSCAR Group. It Transmitted a 140mW Beacon Signal on 2 Meters at 145 MHz. The Sent the Signal “…. ..” “HI” in Morse Code . Signal Speed Corresponded Inside Temperature. The Project OSCAR Group Worked with the U.S. Air Force to add the Amateur Satellite as an Auxiliary Payload. (Ballast) The U.S. Air Force Launched OSCAR I as a First Ever Auxiliary Package that was Ejected From the Parent Spacecraft. Ejection Mechanism Subjected to Stress, Thermal, and Vibration Testing and Analysis and was Centered around a $1.15 Spring from Sears and Roebuck. The Air Force Recommended that They (the Commercial Community) Study the OSCAR 1 Satellite.

  8. OSCAR 1 RESULTS Reported Contacts in 28 countries, over 570 Amateurs Copied the Signal Remained in Orbit for 22 Days Data Gathered, was used to Study Ionosphere Propagation and Process Orbital Data The Project Demonstrated the Abilities to Design, Build, Coordinate with Government Agencies OSCAR I builders were often asked how much did it cost. Out of pocket expensed for all the materials to build the satellite at about $26.

  9. OSCAR 1 MODEL

  10. OSCAR II Same Basic Design with the Exception of Different Thermal Coating. Reduced Internal Temperatures Extending Battery Life The Output Power Reduced from 140mW to 100mW Reducing Power Drain The Life of this Satellite - 18 days, 295 Orbits Before the Telemetry Beacon was Lost.

  11. OSCAR III OSCAR III Carried Two Beacon Transmitters One to Provide Telemetry A Second with a Continuous Carrier for Propagation Studies and Tracking. Also Carried a 50 khz wide transponder Received on 146 mhz Amplified and Retransmitted the signal at about 144 mhz. This Was the First Satellite Allowing Amateurs to Communicate Via a Space Vehicle. Launched in March 1965 in a Higher Orbit than Previous Two Transponder Operated for 18 Days and Approximately 1000 Amateurs in 22 Countries were Heard.

  12. Current Popular Satellites AO – 7 AO – 27 SO - 50 AO - 51 VU - 52 ISS (ARISS Program) PCSAT (US Naval Academy)

  13. Transponder Operating ModesAndPrediction Software

  14. Transponder Operating Modes Analog Voice and CW SSB CW and Voice (Multiple Channel) FM Voice only (Single Channel) Digital Modes Packet (Store and Forward) 1200 baud FSK 9600 baud PSK APRS

  15. Analog SSB Mode Single Side Band (FO-29 Inverting) 2m Uplink: 145.900 – 146.000 MHz SSB/CW 70cm Downlink: 435.900 - 435.800 MHz SSB/CW NOTE: Normal – UP/DOWN link Frequencies Track Together Inverting – UP/DOWN link Frequencies Don’t Track Together

  16. Analog Modes Satellites AO 7 (SSB) Mode B 70cm Up 2m Down FO 29 (SSB) Mode J 2m Up 70cm Down VU 52 (SSB) Mode V 2m Up Mode U 70cm Down SO 50 (FM) Modes VU AO 51 (FM) Modes VU, LU … AR(ISS) (FM) 144.49 MHz up 145.800 MHz Down AO 16 UP 2M (FM) Up 70CM (DSB) Down

  17. New Mode Designations Example: Mode V/U VHF Uplink UHF Downlink Mode L/U 1.2 GHZ Uplink UHF Downlink

  18. Prediction Software Used to Predict Satellite Passes For Your Station’s Location -AOS Acquisition of Signal -LOS Loss of Signal Azimuth (From North) Elevation (Above Local Horizion) Doppler Shift (Frequency Tuning)

  19. Doppler Shift

  20. Manual Tracking (Pre PC’s)

  21. SatScape

  22. Ham Radio Deluxe

  23. On-Line Predictions

  24. Station Settings

  25. Keplerian Elements Describe the Shape of the Satellite’s Orbit Sample of 2 Line NORAD Format ISS 1 25544U 98067A 07035.35732066 .00020205 00000-0 11892-3 0 5750 2 25544 51.6340 70.4350 0022217 166.2157 311.8909 5.77875086469 AO-51 1 28375U 04025K 07033.68080358 .00000014 00000-0 17267-4 07380 2 28375 98.1332 79.8042 0083077 230.1300 129.2564 14.40553747136

  26. Orbit Shape

  27. Low Earth Orbit

  28. Molniya Orbit (Elliptical)

  29. Pass Predictions

  30. Local Horizon View

  31. Getting Started Case 1 – Limited Equipment / Funds Case 2 – Automated Station

  32. How Do I Get Started Dual Band HT 2m / 70cm Duplex Mode Arrow Type Antenna Tune Radio Know When the Satellite will Appear Aim the Antenna Listen for Signal Call Have a Helper Log the Contact!

  33. Dual Band HT 2Meter FM 70CM FM Full Duplex Mode Speaker Mike Helpful

  34. Arrow Antenna

  35. Arrow Antenna & HT

  36. Homebrew Your Own

  37. Automated Satellite Station

  38. System Tasks When Satellite is in Range Antenna Control Compute Satellite Position Send Azimuth Elevation to controller Steer the Antenna Array During the Pass Radio Control Compute Frequency Uplink Doppler Shift Downlink Doppler Shift Send Data To Radio

  39. Automated Station Block Diagram

  40. SAEBER Track Antenna Controller

  41. Stamp II Micro-Processor Reads Voltage to Determine Position AZ EL Calculates New Position for Array Turn on/off Proper Relay to Move Array Loop and Do It Again Until Pass is Complete Sample of Program in Stamp II Processor

  42. Stamp II Code Sample

  43. Field Day Satellite Array

  44. Contacts Other Hams Within Same Satellite Foot Print ISS Crew Members (ARISS Project) Digital Store Forwarding Messaging (Packet) APRS Via Satellite (Automated Position Reporting System)

  45. Bill McArthur (KC5ACR) Operating NA1SS Commander ISS Expedition 12

  46. Sunita Williams (KD5PLB) ISS School Contact

  47. Mike Finche (KE5AIT)

  48. Future Satellites “EAGLE” (Built by AMSAT) High Earth Orbiting (Elliptical Orbit) Software Defined Transponder (Software Defined Radio) Linear Transponders, Digital P3E (Built by AMSAT DL) High Earth Orbit Test Bench for P5A Mars Mission Linear Transponders (Many Bands) Intelsat Geo-Stationary Available full time Full Time Access Emergency / Disaster Communications SuitSat II

  49. WEB Links www.satscape.co.uk www.heavens-above.com www.amsat.org www.amsatnet.com www.rac.ca/ariss/oindex.htm

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