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The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment. Dare to know! (Kant)Quest for knowledgeProgress through REASON. Where do we begin?. In

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The Enlightenment

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    1. The Enlightenment

    2. The Enlightenment Dare to know! (Kant) Quest for knowledge Progress through REASON

    3. Where do we begin? In……..Paris With the ……Philosophes

    4. Enlightened ideas Nature Mankind Society Government Freedom Let’s discuss

    5. Enlightened ideas Rule by law not rulers (what does that mean???) Separation of powers Why are these such enlightening ideas????

    6. Influences of Enlightenment Scientific Revolution “mankind discovers knowledge, not through religion but observation, analysis, and experiment ~Isaac Newton Explain please………..

    7. Enlightenment Influences John Locke (1632-1704) Scientific method applicable to study of society How so????????

    8. Enlightenment influences John Locke (1632-1704) “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” Tabula rasa Knowledge is sensory Denied inherited ability Rejected “original sin” This is key! Why??????

    9. Enlightenment Influences John Locke (1632-1704) Every person has right to life, liberty, and property (except slaves) Necessary for……..Educational reform, freedom of the press, religious toleration

    10. Let’s look at all of them Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Rousseau

    11. Montesquieu Spirit of Laws 1748 Admired British parliament

    12. Voltaire Witty sarcastic Educated by Jesuits Writer and poet Early works banned in France Everything he wrote banned in Spain

    13. Voltaire Imprisoned in Bastille for insulting king’s relatives Beaten up by servants of a noble he insulted

    14. Voltaire Loved the English Commercial empire Religious toleration

    15. Voltaire Loathed the Church Blocked development of freedom “Crush the horrible thing!” What do monks do? “sing, eat, digest” Pope condemned his writings

    16. Voltaire Did Voltaire believe in god????

    17. Voltaire Yes Deist (what on earth is that?)

    18. Voltaire God created universe Operates on scientific law Based on reason Despised superstition

    19. Voltaire Superstition “The fewer superstitions, the less fanaticism, and the less fanaticism, the fewer calamities”

    20. Voltaire Candide Lisbon earthquake 1755 killed thousands of people yet survivors went to Church to pray

    21. Voltaire Does he like religion at all? Gives hope Makes life bearable Keeps people in line Provides public service to make people act morally

    22. Voltaire Voltaire - pessimist or optimist? Rejected “best of all possible worlds”

    23. Diderot 1713-1784 “Jack of intellectual trades” Educated by Jesuits Thought of becoming a priest

    24. Diderot wrote plays, history, theology, pornography (his mistress seemed to like that) Laws limited women’s rights

    25. Diderot Encyclopedia Ultimate Enlightenment achievement Elevated mankind to center of human inquiry

    26. Diderot Encyclopedia Published 1751 published 60,000 articles 1st compilation of classified knowledge Learn more about universe Humans can improve world

    27. Diderot Encyclopedia Voltaire: literature Rousseau: music Everyday artisans: tools and machinery

    28. Diderot Encyclopedia Mostly circulated in France traveled to America

    29. Rousseau 1712-1778 Human freedom Emotion, instinct, spontaneity Met Diderot at Parisian salon For humanity to be happy new social institutions were necessary

    30. Rousseau Geneva exiled him in 1770’s Dropped his children off at an orphanage Went to England

    31. Rousseau “Discourse on Arts and Sciences (1762)” Civilization corrupted natural goodness of man Idealized primitive, uncomplicated, social groups

    32. Rousseau “Emile” (1762) “Everything is good as it comes from the hands of Nature but everything degenerates in the hands of man.” Primitive virtue

    33. Rousseau Emile (1762) “Sophie” appropriate education for a woman

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