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Asthma Jessica Phelan 2/27/2012

Asthma Jessica Phelan 2/27/2012. Defining Asthma. A chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways Mucous can cause the airway to become even smaller Chain reaction can result in asthma symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing

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Asthma Jessica Phelan 2/27/2012

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  1. AsthmaJessica Phelan2/27/2012

  2. Defining Asthma • A chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways • Mucous can cause the airway to become even smaller • Chain reaction can result in asthma symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing • Most common chronic disorder in children

  3. Asthma

  4. Signs and Symptoms of Asthma • Coughing • Wheezing • Chest tightness • Shortness of breath • Not everyone has these symptoms

  5. Who is at risk for asthma? • Affects people of all ages but most often starts during childhood • Among children more boys have asthma than girls • Among adults more women have the disease than men • Some develop occupational asthma

  6. Prevalence of Asthma in the U.S. • 18.7 million adults in US • 7.0 million children have asthma • 53% of people with asthma had an asthma attack in 2008 • More children (57%) than adults (51%) had an attack in 2008

  7. US State InfoAdults with asthma in US, 2009

  8. Mortality • 3,388 deaths • 185 children and 3262 adults in 2007

  9. Racial and Ethnic Disparities • 11% of non-Hispanic blacks of all ages • 17% of non-Hispanic black children • From 2001 to 2009 asthma rates rose the most among black children with an almost 50% increase

  10. Identifying Asthma • Lung Function Test • Medical History • Physical Exam

  11. What Causes Asthma • The exact cause of asthma is unknown • Possibly a combination of factors such: • Atopy • Parents who have asthma • Respiratory infections during childhood • genetics

  12. The “Hygiene Hypothesis” • A theory that researchers have for what causes asthma • Western lifestyle's emphasis on hygiene has resulted in changes in our living conditions and an overall decline in infections in early childhood

  13. Asthma Triggers • Allergens • Irritants • Medicines • Sulfites • Infections • Physical Activity • Some conditions can make asthma harder to manage

  14. Economic Impact • 17.0 million visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient, and emergency departments with asthma as primary diagnosis • Average length of stay for hospital inpatient care is 4.3 days • From 2002-2007 it cost the US about $3300/person with asthma in medical expenses • 2 in 5 uninsured people with asthma could not afford their prescription medicines • 1 in 9 insured people with asthma could not afford their prescription medicines • In 2008 persons with asthma missed 10.5million school days and 14.2 million work days due to their asthma

  15. Treatment/Prevention • There is no cure for asthma but the symptoms can be treated • Although someone with asthma may feel fine the majority of the time they can still have a flare up at anytime

  16. Medications • Long-term control medicines reduce airway inflammation and prevent asthma symptoms. Most people with asthma take long term control medicine daily to prevent symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroids. • Quick-relief (rescue) medications relieve asthma symptoms when they flare up. Inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists. • It is important to treat symptoms as soon as they are noticed to help prevent symptoms from worsening or causing a sever asthma attack

  17. Inhalers

  18. Education • People with asthma can prevent asthma attacks if they are taught to use inhaled corticosteroids correctly and to avoid asthma triggers. • In 2008 less than half of people with asthma reported being taught how to avoid triggers • Creating an asthma action plan with a doctor can help individuals better manage their asthma

  19. Asthma Action Plan Example Asthma Action Plan Stages Green Zone: Doing Well No cough, wheeze, chest tightness, or shortness of breath; can do all usual activities. Take prescribed long-term control medicine such as inhaled corticosteroids. Yellow Zone: Getting Worse Cough, wheeze, chest tightness, or shortness of breath; waking at night; can do some, but not all, usual activities. Add quick-relief medicine. Red Zone: Medical Alert! Very short of breath; quick-relief medicines don't help; cannot do usual activities; symptoms no better after 24 hours in Yellow Zone. Get medical help NOW.

  20. What can be done on the level of: • Federal, State, and Local Health Officials • Health Care Providers • People with Asthma and Parents of Children with Asthma • Schools and School Nurses • Employers and Insurers

  21. Federal, State, and Local Health Officials • Track asthma rates • Promote vaccinations • Promote improvements in indoor air quality

  22. Health Care Providers • Determine severity of asthma • Create and asthma action plan for patients • Prescribe inhaled corticosteroids for patients with persistent asthma

  23. Asthma self-management education by age, US, 2008 Source: National Health Interview Survey, 2008, asthma supplement

  24. People with Asthma and Parents of Children with Asthma • Receive ongoing appropriate medical care • Become empowered and develop self efficacy • Avoid asthma triggers • Use prescribed medications correctly

  25. Schools and School Nurses • Use student asthma action plans to guide use of medications • Make students’ quick-relief inhalers readily available to them • Take steps to fix indoor air quality problems

  26. Employers and Insurers • Promote healthy workplaces by reducing or eliminating known asthma triggers • Eliminating co-payments for inhaled corticosteroids • Provide reimbursement for educational sessions

  27. Asthma Prevention Programs • US Environmental Protection Agency offers a School Flag Program to raise awareness about air quality conditions by raising flags in front of schools during the week

  28. Asthma Prevention Programs • CDC’s National Asthma Control Program was created to reduce the number of deaths, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, school days or workdays missed, and limitations on activity due to asthma

  29. Translational Research • Inner-city Asthma Consortium • Funded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases • Asthma intervention tailored to children living in inner-city areas • Evaluate safety and efficacy of immune-based therapies designed to reduced asthma severity and prevent disease onset in inner-city children

  30. Translational Research • The CDC and the Task for on Community Preventive Services • Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma • Other areas of investigation are asthma and the elderly, complementary and alternative medicines use among people with asthma, influenza immunization rates among people with asthma, and asthma and sever psycholgoical distress

  31. Surveillance Systems • National Center for Health Statistics • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System • Asthma Call-back Survey • CDC’s National Asthma Survey • National Health Interview Survey

  32. Resources • http://www.cdc.gov/VitalSigns/Asthma/index.html • http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/asthma.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/NACP.htm • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/asthma/asthma_atglance.pdf • http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/asthma/ • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/ • http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/aag/2010/highlights.html

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