بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

2. Dr. Ahmed Aboul-FotouhSaleh prof. of Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences Fundamentals of Information Systems / كلية الحاسبات والمعلومات الثلاثاء الموافق 21 فبراير2012

3. Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Systems Concepts

4. Preface • Information systems play a vital role in the business success of an enterprise. • Understanding system concepts will help you understand many other concepts in the technology. For example, systems concepts help you understand: - That computers are systems of information processing components. - That business uses of computers are really interconnected business information systems.

5. Systems concepts • A system can be defined a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals • A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process. • Many examples of systems can be found in the physical and biological sciences, in modern technology, and in human society.

6. Elements/Components of a System: • Such a system ( Dynamic system) has a set of basic interacting components or functions: • To reconstruct a system, the following' key elements must be considered; a. Inputs & Outputs b. Processing c. Control d. Feedback e. Environment f. Boundaries

7. Figure 1.3: Components of a System

8. System Components and Concepts(cont..) • Systems can be classified as simple or complex, open or closed, stable or dynamic, adaptive or nonadaptive, and permanent or temporary

9. Table 1.3: Systems Classifications and Their Primary Characteristics

10. System Performance and Standards • Efficiency: a measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed • Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals الى أى مدى تحققت اهداف النظام • System performance standard: a specific objective of a system

11. System Variables and Parameters • System variable: quantity or item controlled by the decision maker • System parameter: value or quantity that cannot be controlled (e.g., the cost of a raw material)

12. A System approach to problem solving • The system approach to problem solving uses a systems orientation to define problems and opportunities and develop solutions. • a problem and formulating a solution involves the following interrelated activities: - Recognize and define a problem or opportunity in a systems context. - Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions. - Select the system solution that best meets your requirements. - Design the selected system solution so that it meets your requirements. - Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system.

13. The systems approach to problem solving Define the problem • Define a problem or opportunity in a system context. • Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions • Select the system solution that best meets your requirements. • Design the selected solution to meet your requirements. • Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system. Develop Alternative Solutions Select the solution Design the selected solution Implementation the solution

14. What is the Information systems • Information system (IS) • A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminateنشر data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective • Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems

15. Information Concepts:Data Versus Information • Data: raw facts • Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the facts themselves

16. Table 1.1: Types of Data

17. Figure 1.2: The Process of Transforming Data into Information

18. Knowledge • An awareness and understanding of a set of information & Experience and how that information can be made useful to support a specific task • Knowledge base • The collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value.

19. Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data

20. Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data (continued)

21. Figure 1.7: The Components of an Information System

22. Input, Processing, Output, Feedback • Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data • Processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs • Output: production of useful information, usually in form of documents and reports • Feedback: output used to make changes to input or processing activities

23. Functions of an Information System

24. Computer-Based Information Systems • Computer-based information system (CBIS) • A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information • Examples: a company’s payroll systems, order entry system, and inventory control systems

25. Figure 1.8: The Components of a Computer-Based Information System

26. Summary • Data: raw facts • Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves • System: a set of elements that interact to accomplish a goal • Components of a system: input, processing, output, and feedback • A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality

27. Summary (continued) • Computer-based information system (CBIS): a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information