Phillip Long MIT

1. The Story of “O” (as in Open Source) Phillip Long MIT Thursday, May 13th, 2004 longpd@mit.edu

2. How many open source developers does it take to change a light bulb?

3. 17 to agree about the license • 17 to argue about the brain deadedness of the light bulb architecture • 17 to argue about a new model that encompasses all models of illumination & makes it simple to candles, campfires, pilot lights and skylights with the same easy to extend mechanism • 17 to speculate about the secretive industrial conspiracy that insures that light bulbs will burn out frequently • 1 to finally change the light and 16 who decide that this solution is good enough for the time being • Peter Wayner, “Free for all; how linux and the free software movement undercut the high-tech titatns”, NY, Harper-Collins, 2000

4. The e-decade e-commerce e-publishing e-business e-Bay The o-decade open systems open source open standards open archives open access open tools

5. Liberation Technology1 1John Unsworth - Chronicle of Higher Education, Jan. 30, 2004 Dean of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Meme - "ideas should freely spread from one to another over the globe” Thomas Jefferson

6. Liberation technology is not anti-business Commerce across a continuum of non-exclusive commercial rights

7. The Cast Open Content Open Standards Open Systems Open Tools Open Access

8. Open Content http://ocw.mit.edu/ “OpenCourseWare looks counter-intuitive in a market-driven world. It goes against the grain of current material values. But it really is consistent with what I believe is the best about MIT. It is innovative. It expresses our belief in the way education can be advanced – by constantly widening access to information and by inspiring others to participate.” – Charles M. Vest, President of MIT Sept. 2001

9. Why Is MIT Doing This? • Furthers MIT’s fundamental mission • Embraces faculty values • Teaching • Sharing best practices with the greater community • Contributing to their discipline • Counters the privatization of knowledge and champions the movement toward greater openness

10. 701 Courses Phase III Steady State Phase I Pilot Phase II Expansion 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Courses Publication Evaluation Outreach • 50 500 900 1250 1550 1800 1800 • Design pub process • Implement technologystrategy • Develop IP strategy • Implement dept.liaison program • Develop evaluationstrategy • Conduct baselineevaluation • Partner with Universia(translation affiliate) • Inventory content and improve quality • Enhance site features and functions • Add video materials • Plot new content capture tactics • Implement reporting strategy • Conduct annual evaluations and focused studies • Facilitate other opencoursewares • Partner with translation/distribution affiliates • Build awareness • Foster learning communities • Each year: • Add new courses: ~100 • Revise existing: ~ 275 • Archive old: ~ 100 • Conduct annual evaluations and studies • Collaborate with consortium members Where We Are

11. Publishing 700 Courses Open Content • Site Highlights • Syllabus • Course Calendar • Lecture Notes • Assignments • Exams • Problem/Solution Sets • Labs and Projects • Simulations • Tools and Tutorials • Video Lectures

12. Open Content Access Data Site Traffic Overview

13. Open Content Traffic Volume by Geography March2004

14. Open Content Access Data • Self-learners are 52% of visitors • Average of over 6000 daily visits • Most likely from North America (60% of North American visitors) • Students are 31% of visitors • 3600 daily visits • Educators are 13% of the visitors • 1550 visits per day • 55% of educators teach at 4-year colleges or the equivalent • Almost 49% have less than 5 years teaching experience • Almost 70% of users have a bachelors degree or higher

15. Other OCWs are beginning to appear Some using MIT materials, some using the format, some using the idea Open Content Emerging “opencoursewares”

16. Open Content Dual Mission: • Provide free, searchable, coherent access to all MIT course materials for educators, students, and individual learners around the world • Create an efficient, standards-based model that other educational institutions may use to publish their own course materials

17. Open Standards Interoperability Portability Coordinated effort end

18. Open Standards Dimensions of Interoperability UI/Application Frameworks Service Definitions Data Definitions Technology Choices

19. Goals of Interoperability • Data Exchange/Synchronization • Enterprise Integration • Application Portability • Tool/UI Integration • Language Integration • Inter-Enterprise Resource Sharing • Etc…

20. Open Standards Open Knowledge Initiative "an open and extensible architecture that specifies how the components of an educational software environmentcommunicate with each other and with other enterprise systems." http://sourceforge.net/projects/okiproject

21. Open Standards O.K.I. is: • Service based architecture specifications • Open Service Interface Definitions (OSIDs) • Open source implementations • Open source exemplar applications • Educational Development Community • Funded by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, CMI, MIT

22. Open Standards O.K.I. Solution • Focus on Service Based architecture specifications (data/metadata specifications are “doing fine”) • Identify software infrastructure services critical to eLearning applications • Define interfaces to them. Don’t define how to implement them! • Open Service Interface Definitions (OSIDs)

23. Open Standards OSIDs… • Provide Architectural Model for software interoperability • Allow for easy mobility of application tools among enterprise infrastructures • Provide software developers with common, yet flexible, specifications for collaboration • Define boundaries between “user facing” applications and critical services (“MiddleWare”) • Help to “Future Proof” against changing technologies • Enable “marketplace” of software components • Are about Architecture, NOT Technology

24. Factored Monolithic Enterprise Applications

25. Example Open Standards Service Based Architecture …org.okip.service.shared.api.Thing things = myFactory.getSomething(); if (null != thingss) { for (int i = 0; things.length != i; i++) { out.println(things[i]); System.err.println(types[i]); } } … Application OSID public class Factory implements org.okip.service.Example.api.Factory { private static final blah blah bhal private static final yada yada yada } … Service e.g. authentication Implementation Infrastructure

26. Open Standards Boundaries Opportunity: the OKI license encourages derivative works

27. Code what counts Borrow or buy the rest Who will provide the services?

28. Open Systems Hiroyuki Sakai Iron Chef French – Fusion Cuisine

29. Open Systems Sakai Project Core Universities: UMich, IU, Stanford, MIT http://www.sakaiproject.org • Commitments • 5+ developers/architects, etc. under project leadership – no local responsibility for 2 years • Public commitment to implement Sakai • Open/Open licensing • Project • $4.4M in institutional staff (27 FTE) • $2.4M Mellon Foundation • Additional investment through partners (SEPP)

30. Open Systems Sakai Project Deliverables Tool Portability Profile • Tool Portability Profile • Specifications for writing portable software • Pooled intellectual property…best of • JSR-168 portal • Course management system • Quizzing and assessment tools, etc • Research collaboration system • Workflow engine • …modular & pre-integrated • Synchronized adoptions at Michigan, Indiana, MIT, Stanford with open-open licensing

31. Open Systems July 04 May 05 Dec 05 Jan 04 Sakai Core Project Activity: Maintenance & Transition from a project to a community Michigan • CHEF Framework • CourseTools • WorkTools Indiana • Navigo Assessment • Eden Workflow • OneStart • Oncourse MIT • Stellar Stanford • CourseWork • Assessment OKI • OSIDs uPortal SAKAI 1.0 Release • Tool Portability Profile • Framework • Services-based Portal • Refined OSIDs & implementations SAKAI Tools • Complete CMS • Assessment SAKAI 2.0 Release • Tool Portability Profile • Framework • Services-based Portal SAKAI Tools • Complete CMS • Assessment • Workflow • Research Tools • Authoring Tools "Best of" Refactoring Activity: Ongoing implementation work at local institution… Primary SAKAI Activity Architecting for JSR-168 Portlets, Refactoring “best of” features for tools Conforming tools to Tool Portability Profile Primary SAKAI Activity Refining SAKAI Framework, Tuning and conforming additional tools Intensive community building/training

32. Open Systems Service Abstractions for Interoperability Application Client Servers Applications Network Service A1 App. 1 Network Service A2 App. 2 Network Service B

33. Open Systems Service Abstractions for Interoperability Application Client Servers OSID Applications Network Service A1 App. 1 Network Service A2 App. 2 Network Service B

34. Open Systems Service Abstractions for Interoperability Application Client Servers OSID Implementations Applications Protocol A Network Service A1 Imp. A – Protocol Connector (plus Local Business Logic) App. 1 Imp. B – Protocol Connector Network Service A2 App. 2 Protocol B Network Service B

35. Open Systems Service Abstractions for Interoperability Application Client Servers OSID Implementations Applications Protocol A Network Service A1 Imp. A – Protocol Connector (plus Local Business Logic) App. 1 Imp. B – Protocol Connector Network Service A2 App. 2 Imp. C - Local Connector Protocol B Network Service B Local Service C

36. Open Systems Service Abstractions for Interoperability Application Client Servers OSID Implementations Applications Protocol A Network Service A1 Data Imp. A – Protocol Connector (plus Local Business Logic) App. 1 Data Imp. B – Protocol Connector Network Service A2 Data App. 2 Data Imp. C - Local Connector Protocol B Network Service B Local Service C

37. Open Systems Sakai Architecture JSR 168Portlet API OSIDs JSR169 Enabled Portal App. 1 App. 2 App. 3 App. 4

38. Facilitate adoption and development of tools for inter-institutional portability What’s a SEP get? Strategic briefings Project Roadmap input Early Access Tool Portability Profile (TPP) Software/Tools Developer training Community Technical liaison Implementation support SEP Costs Large institutions: $30K ($10k/year for 3 years) Small institutions(<3000 students) $15k ($5k/year for 3 years) Open Systems Sakai Educational Partners Program http://www.sakaiproject.org/partners.html

39. Open Systems SEPP 1st Conference http://www.sakaiproject.org/conference/agenda.html

40. Open Systems http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content2/20040503155445

41. Open Systems JISC Technical Framework Sakai Technical Framework

42. Open Systems LionShare http://lionshare.its.psu.edu/main • Emerging from Napster + Kazaa + Gnutella ….. peer-to-peer with authentication

43. Open Systems Segue & Harmoni - Middlebury College • Segue - PHP based CMS • http://sourceforge.net/projects/segue/ • http://segue.middlebury.edu/index.php?&action=site&site=mit-test • Harmoni - next gen Segue • http://harmoni.sourceforge.net/

44. Harmoni Architecture http://sourceforge.net/projects/harmoni

45. Harmoni Basics • Development Status: 1 - Planning, 2 - Pre-Alpha, 4 - Beta • Environment: Web Environment • Intended Audience: Developers, Education, System Administrators • License: GNU General Public License (GPL) • Natural Language: English • Operating System: MacOS X, Windows, POSIX • Programming Language: Java, Perl, PHP • Topic: Front-Ends, CGI Tools/Libraries, Site Management, Security, Software Development

46. Open Tools • Tufts Visual Understanding Environment (VUE)

47. I D C I D C i M a c B M Many Repositories… Remote Institutional Local I

48. I D C I D C i M a c B M Many Repository Related Protocols… Remote SOAP SRW Institutional Local DRI Z39.50 HTML I File System

49. I D C I D C i M a c B M Many Data Specs/Standards… DC Remote Mark METS SOAP SRW Institutional IMS CP LOM Local DRI Z39.50 HTML I SCORM File System

50. Open Tools Federated Search