Tobacco and your body

1. Tobacco and your body Glencoe, Chapter 24

2. Short Term Effects of Smoking

3. Drug Use • Usually think of marijuana, cocaine or over the counter drugs we use when sick as Drugs • The truth is that most common and widely used drugs in US are ones responsible for most illnesses, injuries, and deaths=tobacco & alcohol

4. Why Do People Do This? • Nicotine levels increased more than 1% per year in major cigarette brands from 1998-2005 *Addiction to a powerful psychoactive drug: Nicotine *Many researchers consider nicotine the most physically addictive of all the psychoactive drugs

5. What is in a Cigarette? • Nicotine: the addictive DRUG • Tar: black and sticky; sticks to lungs • Carcinogens: ANYTHING that causes cancer • Carbon Monoxide: CO1; an allergen Lesson 1: Tobacco UseA High Risk Behavior

6. Tobacco as Insect Repellant

7. Tobacco Use *Practice gains acceptance as a social practice *Sign of sophistication

8. *Pro smoking attitudes formed during childhood *1/3 of children in US age 9 have taken at least on experimental “puff” *Median age to experiment with regular cigarettes is around 15 years *Tobacco industry has experimented with “flavored” cigarettes to catch this population

9. Chewing Tobacco What's really in it for you?

10. http://youtu.be/vkp9DTPA_lk

11. The harm dip does to the mouth… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkp9DTPA_lk

12. ...is it worth it?

13. Changing Attitudes • As society changes from fear of dangers • Industry introduces “light” or supposedly safe brands • Illusion of safety

14. Proportions of cancer cases associated with smoking

15. Globally 3 million people die per year as direct result of tobacco products • 435,000 of these live in US • Tobacco related illness consumes 60% of annual expenditure for health care • 1 in every 5 deaths =smoking–related illness(doesn’t include 2nd hand smoke) The Costs of Tobacco Addiction

16. Causes of Annual Smoking Related Deaths in the US

17. Diseases of the Respiratory and Circulatory System • Chronic Bronchitis • COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) • Emphysema • Lung Cancer • Hypertension • Heart Disease

18. Dangers of Smoking • Each cigarette takes 11 minutes off your life • Men=13 years • Women=15 years

19. Smoking is the leading cause of Preventable death in the US

20. Toward a Smoke Free Society “We need to stop thinking of youth problems as the principal barrier to youth development, and start thinking of youth development as the most effective strategy for preventing youth problems.” The National Assembly. Building Resiliency: What Works; A Community Guide to Preventing Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse Through Positive Youth Development. Washington, D.C. 1994: p. 12

21. Alcoholand your body Glencoe, Chapter 25 Radford College "Facts on Alcohol"

22. Ethanol: the addictive drug in alcohol • Fermentation: chemical action of yeast on sugars • Intoxication: physical and mental impairment resulting from use of alcohol Lesson 1: Alcohol UseA High Risk Behavior

23. What it does... • Central Nervous System • Liver • Blood Vessels • Heart • Kidneys • Stomach

24. ·one of the most abused drugs by all ages and backgrounds • ·fruit, sugar, grain is fermented by yeasts into ethyl alcohol, or ethanol • proof refers to percentage of alcohol in a beverage (100-proof vodka is 50% alcohol) ALCOHOL

25. ·opens blood vessels, feel warm, flushed • ·slows reaction time • ·slows breathing rate • ·impairs judgment depressant – causes central nervous system to s-l-o-w d-o-w-n

26. ·can range from inability to walk to unconsciousness, inability to think, speak, do simple tasks • ·50% of all vehicle accidents & deaths are from drunk driving • ·increased incidence of violent behavior & crimes • ·increased incidence of sexual assault & rape • ·increased transmission of STDs • ·alcohol poisoning & death intoxication – physical and mental impairment from alcohol use

27. the brain & nervous system have become less sensitive to alcohol’s effects (someone may have to drink 6 beers in order to get the same effect they used to get from 2 or 3) tolerance:

28. characterized by increased tolerance, making it necessary to drink more to get the same effect. When a person is physically dependent on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms appear when the drug is discontinued physical dependence

29. ·alcohol is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream from the stomach & small intestine • ·affects person within 5 to 10 minutes metabolized or oxidized by the liver at a rate of ¼ to ½ ounce per hour • ·takes two hours to oxidize one average drink • ·passage of time is only way to sober up; coffee, cold showers, or “walking it off” has no effect How long does it take for the body to rid itself of alcohol?

30. *how quickly it is drunk • ·amount of food in stomach • ·body weight & build • ·gender (women metabolize alcohol differently & become intoxicated more quickly) • ·mental/emotional state • ·surroundings • *physical tolerance Factors influencing alcohol’s effects

31. .08% is legally intoxicated in New York State for adults = DWI arrest “driving while intoxicated” • .04% = DUI arrest “driving under the influence” • anything over .02 for persons under 21 can get you into legal trouble & loose privilege to drive • possession of alcohol by persons under 21 can be prosecuted BAC - Blood Alcohol Concentration – is the amount of alcohol in the blood at any given time

32. …if you are under 21 and give alcohol to another person under 21, you can be arrested • …if you use a fake ID, you can be arrested • …if you alter an ID or license, it is a felony and can be sent to prison for up to 7 years did you know….

33. …if your parents allow you & your friends have alcohol, they can be arrested (even if other parents say it is ok) • …if you have a party without your parent’s permission and alcohol is used, they are legally responsible for what goes on in their house, and they will be held liable • Liable means to be held responsible for damages to property or injuries to people…in other words, your family would have to pay lots of money to anyone who was hurt did you know….

34. .04% - .05% – judgment, speech, coordination affected .08% - .10% - reflexes & judgment clearly impaired .2% - could result in unconsciousness .3% - could result in coma .4% - .5% - could result in death due to suppression of the cerebellum, the brain’s breathing center BAC Level

35. ·people who drink heavily in a • short amount of time risk their lives • ·a high BAC can result in Acute Alcohol Intoxication ( alcohol poisoning) • ·if someone shows signs of alcohol poisoning, call 911 Alcohol Poisoning

36. ·cannot be awakened • ·has a weak, rapid pulse • ·has unusual or irregular breathing pattern has cool, (possibly damp) bluish or pale skin DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO “SLEEP IT OFF” get help immediately if someone…

37. alcohol irritates the stomach lining, causing vomiting • a sleeping or unconscious person could vomit & aspirate it into their lungs and die • Get medical attention • Call 911 • Be safe, not sorry DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO “SLEEP IT OFF”

38. Driving Under the Influence

39. Metabolism • amount of alcohol consumed, food in stomach, time between drinks, body size, gender • Blood Alcohol Concentration • NYS DWI = .08 • NYS DWAI = .04-.07 • Zero Tolerance!!!!! • Consequences • It is ILLEGAL!!!!!!!! • It can KILL!!!!!!! Driving Under the Influence

40. Blood Alcohol LevelAffect On Body • 0.02 Slight mood changes • 0.06 Lowered inhibition, impaired judgment, decreased rational decision-making abilities. • 0.08 Legally drunk, deterioration of reaction time and control. • 0.15 Impaired balance, movement, and coordination. Difficulty standing, walking, talking. • 0.20 Decreased pain and sensation. Erratic emotions. • 0.30 Diminished reflexes. Semi-consciousness. • 0.40 Loss of consciousness. Very limited reflexes. Anesthetic effects. • 0.50Death.

41. Nutrition • Vitamin/Mineral Deficiencies • Stomach/Skin Problems • Loss of Appetite • Brain Damage • Fatty Liver • Cirrhosis of the Liver • Hepatitis Long Term Effects of Drinking

42. ·fat accumulation of the liver, impairing function • ·cirrhosis of the liver (scar tissue) • ·brain shrinkage or atrophy • cancers of the mouth, tongue, stomach, esophagus Effects of prolonged alcohol use

43. ·fetal alcohol syndrome (metal retardation & birth defects) • ·family problems, loss of jobs, respect • ·child & partner neglect & abuse, divorce • ·alcohol involved in 2/3 of all homicides, 1/3 of all suicides • ·½ of all vehicle accidents are alcohol related as well as many falls, fires, and other accidents More long term effects of alcohol

44. Tolerance • Dependence • Multiplier Effect • Alcohol and Pregnancy • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Other dangerous factors surrounding alcohol...

45. Illegal Drugs Chapter 26

46. Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for NON-medical purposes. • Gateway Drugs = alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants • Overdose: strong or even fatal reaction to a large amount of a drug TOLERANCEDEPENDENCE ADDICTION WITHDRAWAL Substance Abuse, Dangers, Consequences, and Costs

47. Tolerance: needing more and more of a drug to get the same effects • Dependence/Addiction: the physical (physiological) and mental (psychological) NEED for a drug. • Withdrawal: severe physical and mental symptoms to stopping drug use; symptoms may include nervousness, insomnia, nausea, headaches, etc. Consequences of Drug Use

48. Negative everyday performance (school, work, home life, and social life) • Undue pressure and stress on body • Legal issues and trouble • Slows physical and mental maturity • Stress on family and loved ones. • Average societal costs = $67 billion (inc. health, social, and criminal care) • Drugs and pregnancies/parenting = offspring health and mental problems. Costs and Risks

49. Opioids • CNS Depressants • CNS Stimulants • Hallucinogens • Cannabinoids • Anabolic Steroids Drug Classes Subject to Regulation (CSA)

50. Levels of Drug Control Five Classes or Schedules Under CSA • Schedule I: • Not approved in the U.S. • High abuse potential (most restrictive) • Special DEA license for research • Schedules II-V: • Approved medical use in the U.S. • High (C-II) to limited (C-IV/V) physical or psychological dependence liability