The Effective Scientific Presentation

1. The Effective Scientific Presentation Blake Papsin

2. Introduction • goals • connect with your audience • direct and hold attention • promote understanding and memory • psychological principles

3. Introduction • interpose perceptual and cognitive psychology • i.e. figure/ground • viewer extracts this way • presenter presents this way

4. Visual Attention • saccades scan visual environment • many factors involved • industry knows this • motivation important

5. Visual Attention • saccades scan visual environment • many factors involved • industry knows this • motivation important

6. Presentation Goals and Underlying Principles • connect • principle of relevance • principle of appropriate knowledge • direct and hold attention • principle of salience • principle of discriminability • principle of perceptual organization • promote understanding and memory • principle of compatibility • principle of informative changes • principle of capacity limitations

7. Principle of Relevance • enough information to transfer the message • figure in relation to ground • cognitive dissonance • not all the work you did!

8. Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear Anatomy • we implanted normal children for 5 years • mean age 4.384 (Std. Dev.= 2.34, range 3.54-9.32) • 64 males:62 females • 7.6 % complication rate (3.2% major, 4.4% minor) • one device type in all but 4 • other medical illness in 17% (one had IDDM) • 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently determined to be connexin mutations Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC: Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1997: 1.11: pp 240-244 deJong A, Nedzelski J, Papsin BC: Surgical outcomes of paediatric cochlear implantation: The Hospital for Sick Children's experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 1998: 27(1): pp 26-30. Gysin C, Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J: Surgical outcome after paediatric cochlear implantation: Diminution of complications with the evolution of new surgical techniques. Journal of Otolaryngology 2000: 29(5): pp 285-289.

9. Principle of Appropriate Knowledge • identify you audience • build on their prior knowledge • jargon • short forms • attach to known concepts • expand from known to unknown

10. Cochleovestibular Anomalies Number cc 8 hc 16 ip 42 vae 37 Cochleovestibular Anomalies • 103 (35%) of implanted children had anom. cochleovestibular anatomy bilateral sequential straight electode – cc deformity

11. Principle of Salience • attention drawn to large perceptual changes • size, colour, motion, brightness • superior colliculus – attentional reflex (shifting attention develops later) • relative to other elements • works with pitch and loudness too*

12. Principle of Salience when you read THIS, “this” is salient but WHEN YOU READ THIS, “THIS” IS NO LONGER SALIENT

13. Principle of Salience when you read THIS, “this” is salient but WHEN YOU READ THIS, “THIS” IS NO LONGER SALIENT

14. .....suppose I am trying desperately to get you to want to understand information essential to the concept being presented...tell me what would be the best way you would try to pull information from a series of data points and form a story.

15. .....suppose I am trying desperately to get you to want to understand information essential to the concept being presented...tell me what would be the best way you would try to pull information from a series of data points and form a story.

16. Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular Anomaly

17. Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular Anomaly

18. Principle of Discriminability • two properties must differ by a large enough proportion or they will not be distinguished • lateral inhibition • increases contrast – perceive edges

19. Lateral Inhibition • the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbours • sharpens edges

20. Lateral Inhibition (White Illusion)

21. Salience vs. Discriminability Barcelona Bologna score

22. Salience vs. Discriminability Barcelona Bologna score

23. Salience vs. Discriminability Barcelona Bologna score

24. Speech Perception Tests in Anomalous Cochleae

25. Principle of Perceptual Organization • humans group elements into units • increase capacity/enhance memory • group elements/group concepts • laws of “grouping” • psychological and perceptual

26. Psychological Grouping Laws • proximity • similarity • continuation • good form • common fate XXX XXX vs. XX XX XX

27. Psychological Grouping Laws • proximity • similarity • continuation • good form • common fate

28. Psychological Grouping Laws • proximity • similarity • continuation • good form • common fate vs.

29. Pediatric BAHA

30. Inter-Stage Interval and Age

31. Psychological Grouping Laws • proximity • similarity • continuation • good form • common fate [_ _] vs. ][ _ _

32. Psychological Grouping Laws • proximity • similarity • continuation • good form • common fate

33. Apex Base GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base

34. GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base

35. Principle of Compatibility • message is easiest to understand if it’s form is compatible with its meaning • images/text support each other • common sense large SMALL

37. Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss

38. Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss

39. Percentage of Vote for Political Parties by State

40. Flow Diagram for Investigating SNHL in Children refer to ENT ABR if failed audiology prescribes hearing aids OAE testing identify child

41. Principle of Informative Changes • changes in properties carry information • colour consistency • animation (sounds) • information without meaning = distraction • minimize ambiguity

42. Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear Anatomy • we implanted normal children for 5 years • mean age 4.384 (Std. Dev.= 2.34, range 3.54-9.32) • 64 males:62 females • 7.6 % complication rate (3.2% major, 4.4% minor) • one device type in all but 4 • other medical illness in 17% (one had IDDM) • 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently determined to be connexin mutations Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC: Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1997: 1.11: pp 240-244 deJong A, Nedzelski J, Papsin BC: Surgical outcomes of paediatric cochlear implantation: The Hospital for Sick Children's experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 1998: 27(1): pp 26-30. Gysin C, Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J: Surgical outcome after paediatric cochlear implantation: Diminution of complications with the evolution of new surgical techniques. Journal of Otolaryngology 2000: 29(5): pp 285-289.

43. Age at diagnosis, by severity & route to diagnosis (N=613 with HAs)

44. Principle of Capacity Limitations • limited capacity to retain and process information • four units is ideal • chunking (automating) • first and last best retained • too much work to decipher = lost attention

45. Short Term Memory

46. Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular Anomaly

47. Special Considerations - Colour • not a linear growth • colour blindness • 8% of males, 0.5% of females

48. We wanted to study our group of children with abnormal cochleae and see if they do as well as normal children

49. Special Considerations - Colour • circular not linear • use colours well separated • avoid red/blue • avoid red/green • warm colours to the foreground

50. Conclusions • anomalous cochleae: • many varieties • comparable outcome* • associated with: • increased surgical challenge • higher rate of complication