1 / 139

Universal Relay Family

Universal Relay Family. Protection Overview. Contents. Configurable Sources FlexLogic™ and Distributed FlexLogic™ L90 – Line Differential Relay D60 – Line Distance Relay T60 – Transformer Management Relay B30 – Bus Differential Relay F60 – Feeder Management Relay.

dinesh
Download Presentation

Universal Relay Family

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Universal Relay Family Protection Overview

  2. Contents... Configurable Sources FlexLogic™ and Distributed FlexLogic™ L90 – Line Differential Relay D60 – Line Distance Relay T60 – Transformer Management Relay B30 – Bus Differential Relay F60 – Feeder Management Relay

  3. Configurable Sources Universal Relay Family

  4. Concept of ‘Sources’ Source Protection Metering I  51P W A V I Universal Relay • Configure multiple three phase current and voltage inputs from different points on the power system into Sources • Sources are then inputs to Metering and Protection elements

  5. Sources: Typical Applications • Breaker-and-a-half schemes • Multi-winding (multi-restraint) Transformers • Busbars • Multiple Feeder applications • Multiple Meter • Synchrocheck

  6. Sources Example 1: Breaker-and-a-Half Scheme

  7. Sources Example 1: Traditional Relay Application

  8. Sources Example 1: Inputs into the Universal Relay CT2 VT1 CT3 CT1

  9. Sources Example 1: Universal Relay solution using Sources Universal Relay

  10. Sources Example 2:Breaker-and-a-Half Scheme with 3-Winding Transformer

  11. Sources Example 2: Inputs into the Universal Relay CT2 VT1 CT4 CT3 CT1

  12. Sources Example 2: Universal Relay solution using Sources Universal Relay

  13. Sources Example 3: Busbar with 5 feeders Multiple Feeder + Busbar

  14. Sources Example 3: Inputs into the Universal Relay CT2 VT1 CT4 CT5 CT3 CT1

  15. Universal Relay Sources Example 3: Universal Relay solution using Sources

  16. FlexLogicTM&Distributed FlexLogicTM Universal Relay Family

  17. Universal Relay: Functional Architecture Metering Analog Inputs Computed Parameters Protection & Control Elements Digital Inputs Programmable Logic (FlexLogic™) Virtual Outputs Digital Outputs Virtual Inputs Remote Inputs Remote Outputs Hardware Software Ethernet (Fiber) A/D DSP Ethernet LAN (Dual Redundant Fiber)

  18. Distributed FlexLogic Example 1:2 out of 3 Trip Logic Voting Scheme LOCAL RELAY Local: Trip AND Remote Input: Trip Relay 2 Digital Output ENABLE Local: Trip OR AND 0ms Remote Input: Trip Relay 3 0ms ENABLE Remote Output Remote Input: Trip Relay 2 AND Remote Input: Trip Relay 3 ENABLE Substation LAN RELAY 3 RELAY 2 Local RELAY

  19. Distributed FlexLogic Example 1:Implementation of 2 out of 3 Voting Scheme

  20. TIME Transformer TOC Curve Coordination Time Accelerated Transformer TOC Curve Feeder TOC Curve Current Pick-Up Level Distributed FlexLogic Example 2:Transformer Overcurrent Acceleration Animation Substation LAN: 10/100 Mbps Ethernet (Dual Redundant Fiber) Transformer IED: IF Phase or Ground TOC pickup THEN send GOOSE message to ALL Feeder IEDs. Feeder IEDs: Send “No Fault” GOOSE if no TOC pickup ELSE Send “Fault” GOOSE if TOC pickup. Transformer IED: If “No Fault” GOOSE from any Feeder IED then switch to accelerated TOC curve.

  21. FlexLogic: Benefits • FlexLogic™ • Tailor your scheme logic to suit the application • Avoid custom software modifications • Distributed FlexLogic™ • Across the substation LAN (at 10/100Mpbs) allows high-speed adaptive protection and coordination • Across a power system WAN (at 155Mpbs using SONET system) allows high-speed control and automation

  22. L90Line Differential Relay Universal Relay Family

  23. L90 Current Differential Relay: Features • Protection: • Line current differential (87L) • Trip logic • Phase/Neutral/Ground TOCs • Phase/Neutral/Ground IOCs • Negative sequence TOC • Negative sequence IOC • Phase directional OCs • Neutral directional OC • Phase under- and overvoltage • Distance back-up

  24. L90 Current Differential Relay: Features • Control: • Breaker Failure (phase/neutral amps) • Synchrocheck & Autoreclosure • Direct messaging (8 extra inter-relay DTT bits exchanged) • Metering: • Fault Locator • Oscillography • Event Recorder • Data Logger • Phasors / true RMS / active, reactive and apparent power, power factor

  25. L90 Current Differential Relay: Overview Direct point-to-point Fiber (up to 70Km) (64Kbps) - G.703 - RS422 - G.703 - RS422 OR Via SONET system telecom multiplexer (GE’s FSC) (155Mbps) FSC (SONET) FSC (SONET)

  26. L90 Current Differential Relay: Line Current Differential • Improved operation of the line current differential (87L) element: • dynamic restraint increasing security without jeopardizing sensitivity • line charge current compensation to increase sensitivity • self-synchronization

  27. L90 Current Differential Relay: Traditional Restraint Method K2 Operate Current K1 Restraint Current • Traditional method is STATIC • Compromise between Sensitivity and Security

  28. L90 Current Differential Relay: Dynamic Restraint • Dynamic restraint uses an estimate of a measurement error to dynamically increase the restraint • On-line estimation of an error is possible owing to digital measuring techniques • In digital relaying to measure means to calculate or to estimate a given signal feature such as magnitude from the raw samples of the signal waveform

  29. L90 Current Differential Relay: DigitalPhasor Measurement • The L90 measures the current phasors (magnitude and phase angle) as follows: • digital pre-filtering is applied to remove the decaying dc component and a great deal of high frequency distortions • the line charging current is estimated and used to compensate the differential signal • full-cycle Fourier algorithm is used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of the fundamental frequency (50 or 60Hz) signal

  30. L90 Current Differential Relay: DigitalPhasor Measurement window time time Sliding Data Window present time waveform magnitude

  31. L90 Current Differential Relay: DigitalPhasor Measurement window window window window window window window window time time Sliding Data Window waveform magnitude

  32. L90 Current Differential Relay: Goodness of Fit window time • A sum of squared differences between the actual waveform and an ideal sinusoid over last window is a measure of a “goodness of fit” (a measurement error)

  33. L90 Current Differential Relay: Phasor Goodness of Fit • The goodness of fit is an accuracy index for the digital measurement • The goodness of fit reflects inaccuracy due to: • transients • CT saturation • inrush currents and other signal distortions • The goodness of fit is used by the L90 to alter the traditional restraint signal (dynamic restraint)

  34. L90 Current Differential Relay: Operate-Restraint Regions Imaginary (ILOC/IREM) OPERATE OPERATE RESTRAINT Real (ILOC/IREM) OPERATE OPERATE ILOC – local current IREM – remote end current

  35. L90 Current Differential Relay: Dynamic Restraint Dynamic restraint signal = Traditional restraint signal + Error factor Imaginary (ILOC/IREM) OPERATE Error factor is high Real (ILOC/IREM) REST. Error factor is low

  36. L90 Current Differential Relay: Charge Current Compensation • The L90 calculates the instantaneous values of the line charging current using the instantaneous values of the terminal voltage and shunt parameters of the line • The calculated charging current is subtracted from the actually measured terminal current • The compensation reduces the spurious differential current and allows for more sensitive settings

  37. L90 Current Differential Relay: Charge Current Compensation • The compensating algorithm: • is accurate over wide range of frequencies • works with shunt reactors installed on the line • works in steady state and during transients • works with both wye- and delta-connected VTs (for delta VTs the accuracy of compensation is limited)

  38. L90 Current Differential Relay: Effect of Compensation Localandremotevoltages Voltage, V time, sec

  39. L90 Current Differential Relay: Effect of Compensation Traditionalandcompensateddifferential currents (waveforms) Current, A time, sec

  40. L90 Current Differential Relay: Effect of Compensation Traditionalandcompensateddifferential currents (magnitudes) Current, A time, sec

  41. L90 Current Differential Relay: Self-Synchronization RELAY 1 RELAY 2 t0 Forward travel time tf t1 Relay turn-around time “ping-pong” t2 Return travel time tr t3

  42. L90 Current Differential Relay: Ping-Pong (example) Relay 1 Relay 2 Send start bit Store T1i-3=0 0 Initial clocks mismatch=1.4ms or 30° Communication path Send start bit Store T2i-3=0 0 8.33 ms Capture T2i-2=2.3 5.1 2.3 Capture T1i-2=5.1 8.33 ms Send T1i-2=5.1 8.33 8.33 Send T2i-2=2.3 Store T1i-2=5.1 8.33 ms 13.43 10.53 Store T2i-2=2.3 8.33 ms Send T1i-1=16.66 16.66 16.66 Send T2i-1=16.66 8.33 ms Store T1i-1=8.33 Capture T2i=18.96 21.76 Store T2i-1=8.33 Capture T1i=21.76 18.96 T2i-3=0 T1i-2=5.1 T1i-1=16.66 T2i=18.96 a2=5.1-0=5.1 b2=18.96-16.66=2.3 2=(5.1-2.3)/2= = +1.4ms (behind) T1i-3=0 T2i-2=2.3 T2i-1=16.66 T1i=21.76 a1=2.3-0=2.3 b1=21.76-16.66=5.1 1=(2.3-5.1)/2= = -1.4ms (ahead) Speed up Slow down 30° 0° t1 t2

  43. L90 Current Differential Relay: Ping-Pong (example cnt.) Relay 1 Relay 2 33.32 Store T1i-3=33.32 33.32 Store T2i-3=33.32 8.52 ms Capture T2i-2=35.62 38.28 35.62 Capture T1i-2=38.28 8.14 ms 41.55 Send T1i-2=38.28 41.55 Send T2i-2=35.62 8.52 ms Store T1i-2=38.28 Store T2i-2=35.62 8.14 ms Send T1i-1=50.00 50.00 49.93 Send T2i-1=49.93 8.52 ms 53.16 54.03 Store T1i-1=50.00 Capture T2i=53.16 Store T2i-1=49.93 Capture T1i=54.03 8.14 ms T2i-3=33.32 T1i-2=38.28 T1i-1=50.00 T2i=53.16 a2=38.28-33.32=4.96 b2=53.16-50.00=3.16 2=(4.96-3.16)/2= = +0.9ms (behind) T1i-3=33.32 T2i-2=35.62 T2i-1=49.93 T1i=54.03 a1=35.62-33.32=2.3 b1=54.03-49.93=4.1 1=(2.3-4.1)/2= = -0.9ms (ahead) Speed up Slow down 0° 30° 19.5° t1 t2

  44. L90 Current Differential Relay: Digital “Flywheel” • If communications is lost, sample clocks continue to “free wheel” • Long term accuracy is only a function of the base crystal stability “Virtual Shaft” clock 1 clock 2

  45. L90 Current Differential Relay: Peer-to-Peer Operation • Each relay has sufficient information to make an independent decision • Communication redundancy L90-2 L90-1 L90-3

  46. L90 Current Differential Relay: Master-Slave Operation • At least one relay has sufficient information to make an independent decision • The deciding relay(s) sends a transfer-trip command to all other relays L90-2 L90-1 Data (currents) L90-3 Transfer Trip

  47. L90 Current Differential Relay: Benefits • Increased Sensitivity without sacrificing Security: • Fast operation (11.5 cycles) • Lower restraint settings / higher sensitivity • Charging current compensation • Dynamic restraint ensures security during CT saturation or transient conditions • Reduced CT requirements • Direct messaging • Increased redundancy due to master-master configuration

  48. L90 Current Differential Relay: Benefits • Self-Synchronization: • No external synchronizing signal required • Two or three terminal applications • Communication path delay adjustment • Redundancy for loss of communications • Benefits of the UR platform (back-up protection, autoreclosure, breaker failure, metering and oscillography, event recorder, data logger, FlexLogicTM, fast peer-to-peer communications)

  49. D60Line Distance Relay Universal Relay Family

  50. D60 Line Distance Relay: Features • Protection: • Four zones of distance protection • Pilot schemes • Phase/Neutral/Ground TOCs • Phase/Neutral/Ground IOCs • Negative sequence TOC • Negative sequence IOC • Phase directional OCs • Neutral directional OC • Negative sequence directional OC

More Related