The Scientific Revolution

1. The Scientific Revolution Ch. 13-2 Discoveries and Inventions

2. 7.10.2 Understand the significance of the new scientific theories (e.g., those of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton) and the significance of new inventions (e.g., the telescope, microscope, thermometer, barometer). Standards

3. The discovery of the Americas led to scholars to doubt ancient Greek ideas • Advances in astronomy were key events of the Scientific Revolution • Sir Isaac Newton developed laws that explained much of the natural world • New inventions helped scientists study the natural world Main Ideas

4. During the Scientific Revolution, new ideas and inventions changed the nature of knowledge The Big Idea

5. Nicolaus Copernicus • Tycho Brahe • Johannes Kepler • Galileo Galilei • Sir Isaac Newton • barometer Key Terms

6. I. Discovery Leads to Doubt

7. Aristotle • Ptolemy Identify: Name two Greek rationalists that European scholars studied during the Renaissance.

8. If Ptolemy’s long-held beliefs were wrong, other Greek thinkers might be, too. Draw Conclusions: How did the discovery of the Americas alter the views European scholars had of other Greek authorities?

9. Columbus’s discovery of the Americas What event first caused Renaissance scholars to doubt ancient Greek thought?

10. No, because he didn’t realize that he hadn’t reached Asia Predict: Do you think Columbus changed his mind about the accuracy of Ptolemy’s map? Why or why not?

11. Exploration led scholars to challenge the thoughts of the ancient Greeks How did exploration contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

12. II. Advances in Astronomy

13. Copernicus Identify: Who was the first astronomer to say that planets orbit the sun?

14. He was afraid of persecution or death at the hands of the church Why Nicolaus Copernicus not want to publish his book?

15. Copernicus thought that the planets’ orbits were circular • Kepler proved that the orbits are elliptical Contrast: How did the views of Copernicus and Kepler differ on the movement of the planets?

16. He charted the positions of the stars • He emphasized the importance of careful observations and detailed, accurate records Summarize: What did Tycho Brahe contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

17. He theorized that the planets orbited the sun Copernicus’s ideas were revolutionary because...

18. The first scientist to study the sky with a telescope Identify: Who was Galileo Galilei?

19. He was the first person to routinely use experiments to test theories Why is Galileo known as the father of experimental science?

20. II. Sir Isaac Newton

21. He reviewed everything scientists had been learning, coupled it with his own observations and ideas, and identified four theories that explained how the physical world works Recall: What were Newton’s basic accomplishments?

22. He showed that light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow How did Newton’s work change the way people thought about light?

23. Gravity attracts objects to each other and thus keeps the planets in motion around the sun Draw Conclusions: How was Newton’s law of gravity connected to discoveries about the planets’ orbits?

24. Sir Isaac Newton Who created the law of gravity?

25. The laws explained how the physical world worked Why were Newton’s laws important to modern science?

26. III. New Inventions

27. So that he could improve it Draw Inferences: Why do you think Galileo built his own telescope?

28. Microscope • Thermometer • Telescope • Barometer Identify: What were four important scientific instruments created during the Scientific Revolution?

29. Possible answer – the microscope or telescope because each allowed scientists to see into previously unseen worlds Rank: Which of the four instruments do you think has had the biggest impact on scientific research?