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Old Testament

Old Testament. THE Primary Redemptive Event. The Exodus. The promises of God : bound up with the land of Canaan (Ge. 15:13-16). After Joseph's death (Ex. 1:6-14) : new regime in Egypt. Moses. Yahweh & the Gods of Egypt (Exodus 1-15). “exodos” (Gk) ... "the way out"

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Old Testament

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  1. Old Testament

  2. THE Primary Redemptive Event The Exodus

  3. The promises of God: bound up with the land of Canaan (Ge. 15:13-16)

  4. After Joseph's death (Ex. 1:6-14):new regime in Egypt

  5. Moses

  6. Yahweh & the Gods of Egypt (Exodus 1-15) • “exodos” (Gk) ... "the way out" • begins with God's call of Moses • born into a slave family, reared by an Egyptian princess (2:1-10) • exiled to the Sinai desert (2:11-25) • confronted by God (burning bush) • called to lead out the children of Israel (3-4)

  7. The Divine Name (3:13-17) • General:Elohim used throughout ANE • Special:Yahweh (LORD) • When the Israelites looked backward to the ancestral stories: the God who spoke to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was this same Yahweh who had intervened to deliver them from Egypt (3:16-17).

  8. The PlaguesDivine Contest (7-12) • Pharaoh vs. Moses • Issue:who had sovereign control? ... Yahweh or the deities of Egypt? • Egyptian deities crushed • Egyptians worshipped gods and goddesses connected with the Nile.

  9. Significance of the Plagues? In the ten plagues, Yahweh demonstrated his divine sovereigntyso that the Israelites knew, without doubt, that he, alone, was truly God (9:16).

  10. The Red Sea • Final plague: Passover ...Let my people go!!! • Pharaoh: changed mind/pursued them • THE climactic redemptive act:Yahweh brought the people across the sea on dry ground and destroyed the armies of the enemy by drowning them in the sea (12-15:21).

  11. Sinai & the Covenant • miraculous provision: food, water and protection for the people (16-18) • Yahweh established a perpetual relationshipwith the people by means of a covenant

  12. A Weak Moral Constitution • lapsed into idolatry (32) • Moses ... angry ... smashed the tablets (32:19). • His rash action (33-34) …

  13. The Tent of Meeting moveable courtyard & a tent filled with various furniture: the ark the incense table the candelabra the table for holy bread the priestly wash basin the altar for sacrifices (25-31, 35-40)

  14. Laws for Cultic Life (Leviticus) • 3rd bk of Torah, Leviticus, continues the laws by which the nation was to live. • The bulk of the book treats the laws of holiness for the entire nation.

  15. Regulations of Religious & Civil Life • sacrificial system: burnt offering, cereal offering, voluntary offering, sin offering, guilt offering (1-7) • priesthood: ordination of Aaron & his sons (8-10) • impurity system: diet, childbirth, disease & bodily discharge (11-15) • Yom Kippur: day of national atonement (16) • holiness code:"Be holy, for I, Yahweh your God, am holy" (17-26) ... laws regarding blood, sex, worship, justice, charity, chastity & the liturgical year • vows and offerings (27)

  16. In the Desert (Numbers) • 2 military censuses • begins: still at Mt. Sinai • ends: on the eastern border of Canaan • various laws relating to the movement of the community • travelogue

  17. Conducted a military census • Celebrated 1st Passover since Egypt (1-10) • Stopped at Kadesh barnea • Sent 12 spies into Canaan

  18. On the Edge of the Promised Land NEGATIVE REPORT: afraid to engage in war! As a judgment, Yahweh condemned the nation to a 40 yr sojourn in the desert, a year for each day the spies were in the land (10-14).

  19. Getting Ready (15-19) • older fighting units: died off (15-19) • journeyed again, circling around the southern tip of the Dead Sea • miracle of water from the rock • cure of the bronze snake • military victory over Sihon and Og (20-21)

  20. In the Plains of Moab (22-36) • Moabites hired a Mesopotamian prophet to curse them (22-24) • Final section: • dissertion of God’s law at Baal Peor • Yahweh's plague of judgment • new military census. • Joshua, Moses' successor • 2.5 tribes took up residency east of the Jordan (25-36)

  21. Second Law (Deuteronomy) • 3 speeches: reviewing the • history of the desert sojourn • the law of God • “second law” Moses’ last admonitions to the People

  22. Suzerainty Treaty (ANE) • usually made between two nations • one ruled over by a powerful king or suzerain and the other by a vassal • Yahweh, the Great Suzerain and Israel, his vassal • Structure:historical prologue (1-3), legal stipulations (4-26), a covenant record (27), blessings and curses (28), and a recapitulation of Israel's history (29-30).

  23. Special Significance  • anticipation of an eventual kingship in Israel (17) • call for a central place of worship after the land of Canaan had been conquered (12) • blessings & curses for covenant obedience & disobedience (28)  

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