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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER. water hardness pH PO 4 3- NO 2 - , NO 3 - NH 4 + Fe. WATER HARDNESS. Water hardness is caused by divalent ions , especially Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . The measure for water hardness is 1°d (=10mg CaO /L water) . Classification: 0 – 4 °d …. very soft water

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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER

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  1. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER water hardness pH PO43- NO2-, NO3- NH4+ Fe

  2. WATER HARDNESS • Water hardness is caused by divalent ions, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+. • The measure for water hardness is 1°d (=10mg CaO/L water). • Classification: • 0 – 4 °d…. very soft water • 4 – 8 °d…. soft water • 8 – 12 °d…. medium soft water • 12 – 18 °d…. pretty hard water • 18 – 30 °d…. hard water • over 30 °d …. very hard water

  3. Our results

  4. pH • pH is criteria of acidness and baseness of water. • pH = -log [H30+] • [H30+] > 10-7 => pH < 7 (acid) • [H30+] = 10-7 => pH = 7 (neutral) • [H30+] < 10-7 => pH > 7 (base)

  5. Our results • natural water has pH between 6 and 8 • drinking water => pH = 6,5 – 8,5 (EC rules)

  6. PO43- • Natural unpolluted water contains less than 0,1 mg/L of all the PO4(higher concentrations are causedby human pollution). • Sources of pollution: • phosphoric manures • washing and detergents • phosphating (transformation of metal surfaces into phosphates as a protection from rusting)

  7. Our results • drinking water => PO43- = 0,6 mg/L (EC rules)

  8. NO2-, NO3- • Nitrates (NO3-) are the major polluters of ground water and also of many fluent and influent waters. • Sources of pollution: • artificial manures • intensive stockbreeding • poor infrastructure (sewage) • The functioning key of nitrates is transformationinto nitrites (NO2-).

  9. Our results • drinking water => NO3- = 25 mg/L (EC rules) • drinking water => NO2-= max. 0,1 mg/L (EC rules)

  10. NH4+ • The presence of ammonium in water shows that the water was in contact with rotting organic materials, fecals..

  11. Our results • drinking water => NH4+ = 0,05 mg/L (EC rules)

  12. Fe • Iron is often presented in water. • It represents over 5% of Earth bark and by water absorbing it, iron comes in the water. • It causes a lot of troubles • rusted stains on clothes (washed in washing machine) • iron coating on pipes

  13. Our results • drinking water => Fe = max. 2 mg/L

  14. WATER IN SLOVENIA • To conclude: • all pH values of drinking water are according to EC rules • all PO43- values meet EC rules • NO2- and NO3- • ground water that contains over 25 mg NO3- /L • water of Drava field • water of Ptuj field • water of Spodnja Savinjska valley • water of Prekmurje field • Only both sources and school tap pipe water are according to NH4+ value • all Fe values meet EC rules

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