Using the Web Publishing Services at WSHS

1. Using the Web Publishing Servicesat WSHS February 24, 1997 Phil Wherry (psw@wherry.com) Walt Sanford (wsanford@wshs.fcps.k12.va.us)

2. About the Server • WSHS has participated in the Tri-School Network for several years; this network provides Internet access to users at the three schools. • As part of Camp T-Equity ‘95 development, a PC on the WSHS network was set up to run Linux, a free Unix-compatible operating system. • Email service for camp participants • Web site for camp activities • Site’s role has expanded considerably • Domain name service (DNS) for school • Email forwarding agent • School-wide Web service, proxy service

3. Why Unix? • Unix has a well-deserved reputation for being hard-to-use. • Cryptic commands, error messages. • Difficult to configure and administer. • Despite these limitations, Unix is an excellent choice for server construction. • Multi-user design: many people can use the system simultaneously. • Reliability: server has been down for only a few hours in the last several years (due to a hardware failure). • Security: Web publishing privileges can be controlled; sophisticated auditing tools help detect misuse. • Flexibility: automation of routine/tedious tasks.

4. Getting Started:Applying for an Account • Use a telnet client application to connect to the server, tequity.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us • You can also connect by IP address: 151.188.16.1 • At the login prompt,enter:apply

5. Getting Started:Applying for an Account • Once connected to the application process, answer each question as it is presented.

6. Getting Started:Applying for an Account • When choosing your account name, do not use the same account name that you use on the Tri-School network unless you want to receive your email on the Unix server instead!This is becauseincoming email ishandled by the Unixserver first, then sentto TSN if the useris unknown on theUnix server.

7. Getting Started:Applying for an Account • Passwords are issued to the account applicant only. Identifiable users are the cornerstone of accountability! • There is never a reason to share passwords. We can issue another account or force-change a password if necessary. • Please emphasize(particularly to studentaccount holders) ourcomplete humorlessnesson this issue!

8. Getting Started:Applying for an Account • Set your password. Usual rules apply: no names, dictionary words, or easily-guessed information. • We can reset your password if you lose it, but we have no way to retrieve it for you.

9. Getting Started:Applying for an Account • You must agree to a common-sense set of usage rules as part of the account application process. • Student applicants must visit Walt Sanford inperson before theaccount will be activated.(Student applications aska slightly different set ofquestions than thosepictured here)

10. Logging In • Once your account has been approved (a manual process), you can log in with your user name and password. • System prompt:tequity>

11. Getting Around • Unix commands are a bit like MS-DOS commands. File names and commands are case-sensitive; in general, use lower-case letters. • Tree-structured directory (home) ~pwherry --also /home/pwherry ~pwherry/Mail Mail ~pwherry/demo1 demo1 subdirectory ~pwherry/demo1/subdirectory demo2 ~pwherry/demo2 public_html ~pwherry/public_html

12. Getting Around • Directory navigationpwd “print working directory” - where am I right now?cd Change to home directorycd .. Change to parent directorycd directory Move down to directory.

13. More Directory Manipulation • What’s in a directory?ls list files in a directoryls -l long-format listing • Create a directorymkdir directory Creates directory • Destroy an empty directoryrmdir directory Removes directory

14. Working With Files • Creating and editing files: use the pico editor. This editor is the same one used by the pine email system. pico filenameYou may also use pico -w filenameto prevent word-wrapping.

15. Working With Files • Other file manipulation commands:rm filename deletes a filemv file1 file2 moves/renames file1 to file2cp file1 file2 copies file1 to file2Filename wildcards: use the * character.rm *.gif removes all .gif filesrm * removes all files-be careful!(Use -i for confirmation prompts on any of these commands: rm -i *.html)

16. Your public_html Directoryand the Web • Your “public_html” directory is automatically accessible via the Web. Its URL is:http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~your-user-nameExample: http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/ (home) ~pwherry --also /home/pwherry ~pwherry/Mail Mail ~pwherry/demo1 demo1 subdirectory ~pwherry/demo1/subdirectory demo2 ~pwherry/demo2 public_html ~pwherry/public_html

17. Your public_html Directoryand the Web • Subdirectories of your public_html directory are accessible by name. In this example, the URL would be:http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/stuff/ (home) ~pwherry --also /home/pwherry ~pwherry/Mail Mail ~pwherry/demo1 demo1 subdirectory ~pwherry/demo1/subdirectory demo2 ~pwherry/demo2 public_html ~pwherry/public_html public_html ~pwherry/public_html/stuff

18. Your public_html Directoryand the Web • Subdirectories outside of your public_html directory tree are inaccessible for security reasons. (home) ~pwherry --also /home/pwherry ~pwherry/Mail Mail ~pwherry/demo1 demo1 subdirectory ~pwherry/demo1/subdirectory demo2 ~pwherry/demo2 public_html ~pwherry/public_html public_html ~pwherry/public_html/stuff

19. URLs and File Names • Default file name for a directory (if not specified in URL) is “index.html” • If no index.html file exists, a directory listing is shown. (This is considered bad form!) • Some Examples…URL Refers tohttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/ ~pwherry/public_html/index.htmlhttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/info.html ~pwherry/public_html/info.htmlhttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/stuff/ ~pwherry/public_html/stuff/index.htmlhttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/stuff/abc.html ~pwherry/public_html/stuff/abc.html

20. Getting Files to the Server • Your favorite FTP client can be used • Example (on the Mac): Fetch • Example (on the PC): WS_FTP • Netscape 3.0 can be used to upload and download files! • Use the URL:ftp://username@www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/home/username/public_html/Example:ftp://psw@www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/home/psw/public_html/

21. Netscape as an FTP Client • To send a file…select “Upload File” from the File menu.You’ll be promptedfor the file name...

22. Netscape as an FTP Client • To download a file…Hold down the SHIFT key while you click the file name. You will be prompted for a file name on your own machine. • Common problem: theimage file/HTML file youselect is displayed ratherthan downloaded. Thismeans that you didn’t holddown SHIFT while clickingthe file. Click “Back” andtry again.

23. Netscape as an FTP Client • Click on directory names to navigate down in your file tree. • Click on the words “Up to higher level directory” to move back. • You cannot create or remove directories from the Netscape FTP client; use another client or log in interactively and use the mkdir and rmdir commands to make and remove directories.

24. FTP By Hand • From some machines (usually a Unix or DOS system) it may be necessary to use command-line FTP. Here’s how to upload “index.html” to your public_html directory…C:\> ftp www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us(log in with your username and password at the prompts)ftp> cd public_htmlftp> binaryftp> put index.htmlftp> quit • Use the “get” command in place of “put” in order to download from the Web server to your machine.

25. Some Useful On-Line Tools • In order to use these tools, you must be logged in to the server using telnet (or from the console). Files can be uploaded using any method you choose. • Process image sizes automatically (saves time during download): • Command: wwwimagesize filenameExample: wwwimagesize index.html • You can do this to a whole directory at once…wwwimagesize *.html

26. Some Useful On-Line Tools • Generate thumbnail images and an index page from a directory full of .jpg (JPEG) files. Useful for digital camera images. • Within the directory, enter the command:photoweb • Conversion process is automatic. • If index.html already exists, conversion will not run (so as to avoid overwriting valuable data). • If you’re running it more than once, userm *-small.jpg to remove the thumbnail images.

27. Some Useful On-Line Tools • Resize a GIF file. • Within the directory, enter the command:gifresize input-file scale-factor output-fileExample: generate a new image at 40% of original sizegifresize test.gif 0.40 test-small.gif • Wildcards (*) cannot be used by this command. • A corresponding tool exists for JPEG files. For example,jpgresize test.jpg 0.65 test-small.jpgcreates a new image at 65% of original size.

28. How Do I Get More Help On... • HTML? • Many good reference/tutorial books are available. Laura Lemay’s “Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML” book is generally well-regarded. • Find a page which does what you want, then use “View Source” to figure out how it does it. • Server Policy Questions • Email Walt Sanford: wsanford@tequity.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us • Server Operations and Software • Email Walt Sanford or Phil Wherry:wsanford@tequity.wshs.fcps.k12.va.uspsw@wherry.com