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Darfur

Darfur. Where is it? Brief History Who are the Players? What’s the Issue?. Where is Darfur?. Darfur is in the Western Region of Sudan. It’s proximity to the Middle East led to some of its problems. Brief History.

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Darfur

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  1. Darfur Where is it? Brief History Who are the Players? What’s the Issue?

  2. Where is Darfur? • Darfur is in the Western Region of Sudan. • It’s proximity to the Middle East led to some of its problems.

  3. Brief History • The developments in Darfur are directly related to the terrain, climate and resources. • Since the plains are semi-arid, it does not support a dense population. • From the 14th century until 1875, it was ruled by a dynasty. • The British permitted autonomy in 1916. • Structural inequality and underdevelopment resulted in increasing frustration among Darfuris. • Regional geopolitics, economic hardship, and environmental degradation led to armed resistance in the 1980’s.

  4. Who are the Players? On One Side, you have the following: • Sudanese Militia, Sudan’s Army. Most of which is supplied by Russia and China. • Janjaweed - thought to mean “devil on horseback.” They are basically Arab speaking, African tribesmen who lived from herding cattle and camels.

  5. On the Other… The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (abbreviated as either SLM or SLA) is a nation-wide, secular Sudanese opposition party, whose objective is the creation of a free, secular, democratic State in Sudan, based on equal civil rights, the rule of law, and market economy. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) is a rebel group fighting against the Sudanese government. The SLA and JEM have attacked oil fields to try to force China’s oil companies out of Sudan.

  6. What is the Issue? • Drought, desertification, and overpopulation. • Oppression of non-Arabs over Arabs. • Movement of nomadic herders into farmland in search of better grazing and water. • Oil. The Janjaweed and Sudanese army have been committing violent acts of atrocities and what could be labeled as genocide. JEM and SLA have fought against the Sudanese government forces.

  7. Background • Began in 1989 when a military government took Sudan during a coup and Omar al-Bashir came to power • Bashir made sure he kept his power by hiring the Janjaweed (hit men and assassins) to attack Darfur, which he felt was the region most likely to resist him • 2003: those in Darfur felt that they were being neglected, so they attempted a coup. Large numbers of people flee the violence by escaping to Chad or become IDPs (internally displaced persons) in their own nation.

  8. Global Issue • Janjaweed attacks consist of burning homes, attacking and raping civilians • UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan addressed the violation of human rights in Darfur • April 2004: reports of ethnic cleansing (the destruction of a people) and fears of another Rwandan genocide emerged • Darfur soon became a “global problem” and not an African one.

  9. Aerial View of an intact village. Aerial View of a village burned to the ground.

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