Devry PHIL 447 Full Course Latest

1. Devry PHIL 447 Full Course Latest Just Click on Below Link To Download This Course: https://www.devrycourses.com/product/devry-phil-447-full-course-latest/ Or Email us help@devrycourses.com Devry PHIL 447 Full Course Latest

2. Devry PHIL 447 All Weeks Discussions Latest

3. Devry PHIL 447 Week 1 Discussions Latest Making Claims (graded) Explain how you would teach the difference between subjective claims and objective claims (Moore & Parker, p. 5-6) to someone who had never heard of critical thinking. Give specific details in your answer. Cognitive Biases (graded) Review the section of Chapter 1 on Cognitive Biases (p. 17-22). Find an example of one of the biases, identify the bias, and explain the distortion it causes. You may choose your example from personal experience, something you have read, heard on the radio, or seen on TV or the Internet. Be sure to cite your source if needed. Devry PHIL 447 Week 2 Discussions Latest Premises and Conclusions (graded) Let’s spend some time sorting out the premises and conclusions in some examples. Choose one of the statements below. Your task is to identify the premise(s) and the conclusion(s) of your example and to negotiate among yourselves if you disagree. Additionally, discuss whether the premises or conclusions are valid. This exercise works best if students do not all choose the first example. If one example has been well discussed, choose a different example to discuss. Here are the examples: 1. Chances are I’ll be carded at JJ’s, because Kera, Sherry, and Bobby were all carded there, and theyall look as though they’re about 30. 2. Seventy percent of all freshmen at State College come from wealthy families; therefore, probably about the same percentage of all students at State College come from wealthy families. 3. I am sure Marietta comes from a wealthy family. She told me her parents benefited from the cut in the capital gains tax. 4. According to Naturemagazine, today’s thoroughbred racehorses do not run any faster than their grandparents did. But human Olympic runners are at least 20% faster than their counterparts of 50 years ago. Most likely, racehorses have reached their physical limits but humans have not.

4. 5. “Let me demonstrate the principle by means of logic,” the teacher said, holding up a bucket. “If this bucket has a hole in it, then it will leak. But it doesn’t leak. Therefore, obviously, it doesn’t have a hole in it.” 6. We shouldn’t take a chance on this new candidate. She’s from Alamo Polytech, and the last person we hired from there was rotten. Defining Terms and How We Do It (graded) In this week’s lecture, we read about Socrates’ concern for defining undefined terms as the first step in critical thinking. Choose one of the statements below. Your task is to determine how the term is used to define your chosen example, and whether the definition is by example, by synonym, by an analytical definition. If you experience difficulty in determining which method of definition is being used, describe the difficulty and try to negotiate agreement with other class members. This exercise works best if students do not all choose the first example. If one example has been well discussed, choose a different example to discuss. And here are the examples: 1. Decaffeinated means without caffeine. 2. Steve Martin is my idea of a successful philosophy major. 3. The Cheyenne perfectly illustrate the sort of Native Americans who were Plains Indians. 4. Data, in our case, are bits of raw information collected from survey forms, which are then put in tabular form and analyzed. 5. Bifocals are glasses with two different prescriptions ground into each lens, making it possible to focus at two different distances from the wearer. 6. Red is the color we perceive when our eyes are struck by light waves of approximately seven angstroms. Devry PHIL 447 Week 3 Discussions Latest Credibility (graded) List as many relevant (and maybe irrelevant) factors as you can think of that people often mistake for signs of another person’s truthfulness. Perhaps you can tell a story about a notable example. Here is a starter example: the firmness of somebody’s handshake as a sign of their truthfulness. Euphemisms and Dysphemisms (graded) Report an example of a euphemism or dysphemism that you have come across. Discuss when it is and is not appropriate to use such veiled language. Common subjects for which people use

5. euphemisms are death, physical appearance, and commercials.Common subjects for which people use dysphemisms are politics and news reports. Devry PHIL 447 Week 4 Discussions Latest Inventing New Examples (graded) There is a short list below of some of the most common fallacies that we meet in the Week 4 reading assignments. With your creative thinking caps on, invent (not find elsewhere but invent by yourself) a simple, clear, and original example of the fallacy you have chosen. Write it up and bring it to the online discussion so that everybody can read it and discuss it. Be sure to name the type of fallacy your example demonstrates. Here is a short list of fallacies to use in making your choice, though you may use others described in the textbook. The Ad Hominem or genetic fallacy  Strawman  “Argument” from outrage  Scare tactic  Groupthink  Red herring  “Argument” from popularity  Have some fun with this. Your invented examples can be either realistic or a bit silly, but they need to clearly exhibit the chosen fallacy. In the discussion thread, go ahead and speak to the examples that other students have brought in. Baloney Detection (graded) The astrophysicist Carl Sagan in his book The Demon Haunted World recommended that people be educated in a set of skills he called a “baloney detection kit.” These include such techniques as requesting facts to back claims and seeing whether a claim can be empirically tested. What

6. techniques would you have in your baloney detection kit? Why would they help you distinguish logical and reasonable arguments from lies and nonsense? Devry PHIL 447 Week 5 Discussions Latest Working With Categorical Syllogisms (graded) Below are sets of three terms. Use one of the sets to construct a valid syllogism. Explain how you decided on the statements for your syllogism. 1. Dogmatists, theologians, free thinkers 2. African nations, countries deserving military aid, upholders of human rights 3. Pranksters, exasperating people, teenage boys 4. Business attire, expensive clothes, necessary clothes 5. Corporations, unethical businesses, businesses that are never punished 6. Endangered species, animals needing protection, spotted owls 7. Sound Arguments (graded) A sound argument is valid (correctly formed) and has all true premises. Your book Chapters 8 and 9 discuss several ways to test the soundness of an argument. Now it is your turn to apply the tests. Go to a website that provides political opinion, such as the Huffington Post. Find a brief article that contains a clear argument. Evaluate the argument for its soundness. Link the article at the end of your response by copying its Web address. Devry PHIL 447 Week 6 Discussions Latest Inductive Reasoning (graded) In America, we are bombarded by opinion polls. Such polls use the method of inductive generalizing from a sample, presuming that the answers given by a small number of respondents represent the attitudes of American voters as a whole. Do a search on the Internet for a recent

7. opinion poll. Paste the results in your discussion response. Look at the report of the poll results and discuss how strong you believe these poll results are. Refer to such aspects of inductive generalizing as the sampling frame, how representative the poll sample was, and how biased the poll might be. Hypotheses (graded) According to the textbook, a hypothesisis “a causal explanation offered for further investigation or testing.” The book provides several methods for testing the quality of a hypothesis. Choose one of the statements below and use one or more of the tests provided in the textbook to evaluate the quality of the hypothesis. Identify the hypothesis in the statement, and then say why it is or is not a good one. 1. There were objects flying everywhere in that room. Either an earthquake or ghosts could have made those objects move.Since there was no earthquake reported, it must have been ghosts. 2. Crop circles are complicated, symmetrical designs formed in grain fields through depressing grain stalks. Because of their complexity and symmetry, they cannot be natural phenomena. These crop circles appear overnight. Since it would take far too long and too much complex planning for one or two people to make these designs, which can be seen only from above, aliens from outer space must be making them. 3. The other day, I was walking in the mall and suddenly remembered an old school friend whom I had not spoken to in years.Not five minutes later, there I was face to face with my old friend. There must have been some deep karmic connection that drew us together that day. 4. Studies show that families who regularly eat their meals together have children who perform better than average at school.Clearly, communal family meals are essential to student success. 5. Devry PHIL 447 Week 7 Discussions Latest

8. Moral Reasoning (graded) Chapter 12 in the textbook describes six categories of moral perspectives: Consequentialism, Duty Theory/Deontology, Moral Relativism, Religious Relativism, Religious Absolutism, and Virtue Ethics. Which category of moral perspective do you think best describes your method of making moral decisions? Provide an example to illustrate your choice. Devry PHIL 447 Course Project Full Latest Trends and Predictions OBJECTIVES This project fulfills the following objectives. (TCO 5) Given a range of statistical and empirical data, combine several inductive  methods of reasoning (argument by analogy, argument by generalization, causal reasoning, or probabilistic reasoning), to draw specific conclusions. (TCO 7) Given a controversial social issue, write a persuasive essay to address the  controversy, using identifiable types of arguments (deductive or inductive) and the resources of language, such as denotation, connotation, and figures of speech. (TCO 8) Given a case scenario or a problem, formulate several alternative solutions and  select the optimal one to apply under specific circumstances. (TCO 9) Given several current news or opinion articles from print, radio, or television,  assess the assumptions and values stated or implied in the articles and explain how these media can influence individual or collective decision making. PROJECT OVERVIEW .equella.ecollege.com/file/e7411ef1-c5d9-4889-9091- 68889120c6cc/1/PHIL447_CH_CourseProject.html#top”>Back to Top This session, you will write a research essay, which is in APA format and includes a title page, abstract, and references list. The purpose of this paper is to hone your critical thinking skills by creating a suitable research plan, evaluating sources and arguments, and proposing solutions to a problem of current interest. The paper must focus on one of the topics below regarding current trends and future predictions.

9. Changes must happen in both human eating habits and food cultivation if the human race  is to survive The European Union will, or will not, last another decade  If lobbying and campaign finance in the US are not reformed, American democracy is  doomed How changes to marriage and family will change American society  How social media, web sharing, and/or similar trends in the internet will affect social and  personal behaviors  What changes must happen because of the interaction between the world’s growing population and decreasing natural resources Choose a topic from the list above. Follow your personal taste in this choice, but also search a library and a library database for suitable critical articles about the topic. For the paper, you will need to use at least five scholarly articles, authoritative sources, and/or book chapters. The Final Research Paper must include the following. Three to five pages of body and a References page  12 pt. Times New Roman font  Double spaced  APA-style title page and abstract  All pages should be numbered  Should contain five sources (minimum)  GUIDELINES .equella.ecollege.com/file/e7411ef1-c5d9-4889-9091- 68889120c6cc/1/PHIL447_CH_CourseProject.html#top”>Back to Top Select a topic from the list.  Research library catalog and databases for works about the topic (five articles and/or  book chapters required). Read the sources.  Propose a preliminary thesis or solution on the issue.  Write a proposal and outline for the project.  Format all documents using the APA Style.  Use feedback to shape and revise the paper. 

10. MILESTONES .equella.ecollege.com/file/e7411ef1-c5d9-4889-9091- 68889120c6cc/1/PHIL447_CH_CourseProject.html#top”>Back to Top In Week 5 you will choose a topic for writing your project. You will create a Project Proposal and Preliminary Formal Outline for the project to submit in the Drobpox at the end of Week 5. This is worth 50 points. The Rough Draft of the project is due at the end of Week 6 in the Dropbox. In addition, the rough draft should be posted to the Peer Review discussion thread. Each student should complete two peer reviews using the peer evaluation form and post them to the discussion thread. The draft and peer reviews are worth 50 points. The Final Draft, incorporating revisions suggested by your instructor and your peers, is due at the end of Week 7 in the Dropbox. The draft is worth 100 points and should be three to five pages, in APA format including title page, abstract, and references list. Submit your assignment to the Dropbox located on the silver tab at the top of this page. For instructions on how to use the Dropbox, read these .next.ecollege.com/default/launch.ed?ssoType=DVUHubSSO2&node=184″>step-by-step instructionsor watch this Tutorial .next.ecollege.com/default/launch.ed?ssoType=DVUHubSSO2&node=232″>Dropbox Tutorial. See the Syllabus section “Due Dates for Assignments & Exams” for due date information. GRADING RUBRICS .equella.ecollege.com/file/e7411ef1-c5d9-4889-9091- 68889120c6cc/1/PHIL447_CH_CourseProject.html#top”>Back to Top Category Points% Description Proposal 15 30 A clear account of the proposed project

11. Outline 15 30 A correctly formatted outline of the proposed project Organization and Cohesiveness Proposal uses correct paragraphing and APA style; outline uses sentences and follows a clear pattern of development. 5 10 Editing 5 10 Proposal is free of grammatical, typographic, and spelling errors. Content 10 20 The proposal describes a college-level idea for an argumentative research paper. Total 50 100 A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements. Category Points% Description A complete draft was submitted to both the Dropbox and the Peer Review discussion thread First Draft 10 50 Documentation and Formatting The draft follows APA form including title page, abstract, citations, and references. The document has at least five high quality sources. 10 50 Total 20 100 A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements. Category Points% Description Student has completed one review of another student’s essay using the peer review forms. Peer Reviews 10 33 Documentation and Formatting The peer review includes substantial commentary and suggestions regarding the essays’ grammar, usage, and punctuation. 10 33

12. Organization and Cohesiveness The peer review includes substantial commentary and suggestions regarding the essays’ content. 10 33 Total 30 100 A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements. Category Points% Description Final Draft 5 5 The draft was submitted on time, and meets the minimum requirements for the assignment Documentation and Formatting The draft follows correct APA format including a title page, abstract, citations, and references. The document has at least five high quality sources. 5 5 Organization and Cohesiveness The essay follows a clear argumentative pattern. Paragraphs are fully developed and unified. The writer has used transitions. 20 20 Editing 10 10 The essay is free of errors in grammar, spelling, usage, and punctuation. The essay makes a coherent, relevant argument. The essay contains specific evidence, and thorough analysis of the issue. The introduction and conclusion are effective. Content 60 60 Total 100 100 A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements. BEST PRACTICES Select several variations on your topic and check to see if there are enough articles  and/or book chapters about the topic to complete the assignment. Read the materials and take notes.  Discuss your findings in the Proposal.  When in doubt, ask for your instructor’s opinion or approval. 

13. .equella.ecollege.com/file/e7411ef1-c5d9-4889-9091- 68889120c6cc/1/PHIL447_CH_CourseProject.html#top”> Devry PHIL 447 All Quizzes and Final Exam Latest Devry PHIL 447 Final Exam Latest Final Exam Question 1.1. (TCO 1) “Thinking about thinking” is the definition of what? (Points : 4) Development of arguments Measure of good sense Development of critical skills Writing for clarity Critical thinking Question 2.2. (TCO 1, 2, 4) What is the simple definition of an issue? (Points : 4) An element of political controversy A point of conflict between people or groups of people Nothing more than a question of whether a given claim is true or not A cultural claim by a group of people with an allegation of rightness An allegation of truth or falsehood Question 3.3. (TCO 1, 2, 3) What are the two parts of an argument? (Points : 4) Description and detail Problem and proposal Explanation and clarification Definition and example Premise and conclusion Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3) Inductive arguments support conclusions and are described as stronger or weaker. What is meant by that description? (Points : 4) It proves the conclusion. It is a measure of how much support a premise provides for a conclusion. It is a measure to show opportunities for improvement.

14. It is a measure of how certain the conclusion is. It provides encouragement for believing the claim in the conclusion. Question 5.5. (TCO 1, 2) The mode of persuasion that Aristotle defined as ethos refers to arguments based on what? (Points : 4) Whether a decision is ethical Being alert to influences in one’s thinking The speaker’s personal attributes The audience’s emotions Using information and reasoning Question 6.6. (TCO 6) What is a likely reason for having trouble identifying a conclusion in what you hear or read? (Points : 4) There are too many rhetorical claims There is not enough background information The premise introduces a consideration that runs counter to common sense The conventions of argument are not being followed It could be that the passage is not an argument at all Question 7.7. (TCOs 6, 7, 8, 9) Which of the five items below is usually NOT a part of a good argumentative essay? (Points : 4) A statement of one’s position on the issue Arguments that support one’s position on the issue Rebuttals of arguments that support contrary positions on the issue An author’s claim to speak with respected expertise based on qualifications or experience A statement of the issue Question 8.8. (TCOs 6, 8, 9) What is grouping ambiguity? (Points : 4) When one arbitrarily classifies people as a group for unclear purposes When people share an affinity that is not obvious When it is not clear whether a word is being used to refer to a group or to the individuals within a group When an author or speaker seeks a group to blame as a scapegoat When labeling classifications of people with epithets

15. Question 9.9. (TCOs 2, 6, 7, 8) If a claim is made by a disinterested party, we know that (Points : 4) disinterested parties have no stake in our believing one way or another. disinterested parties bring weaker information. disinterested parties lack expertise in the content of given claims. disinterested parties lack credibility over a given claim. disinterested parties bring irrelevant considerations to discussions. Question 10.10. (TCOs 1, 6, 7, 9) What is the meaning of the rhetorical device called a stereotype? (Points : 4) Assumptions about all members of a group based on a single member A thought or image about a group of people based on little or no evidence A euphemism for opposing groups A multiple view of an identified group of people or objects A categorization of similar people Question 11.11. (TCOs 1, 7) What is the purpose of the rhetorical device called hyperbole? (Points : 4) Synonym for euphemism To bring humor to a difficult analysis Exaggerating for effect Sarcastic claim Based on unwarranted assumptions Question 12.12. (TCOs 1, 2) What is the personal ad hominem fallacy? (Points : 4) Attacking an argument based on the personal shortcomings of the one making the argument The status given to an argument based on the fame and good reputation of the originating person Attacking an argument based on the confusion of what the author has presented before Attacking an argument because of who presented it Attributing added value to an argument based on who has presented it Question 13.13. (TCOs 6, 7, 8) To the overall topic of burden of proof, what is the purpose of the rule called affirmative/negative plausibility? (Points : 4) Other things being equal, the burden of proof falls automatically on those supporting it affirmatively. Other things being equal, the burden of proof is shared by all parties that have a shared interest in the outcome. Other things being equal, the burden of proof rests with the parties with the most to lose.

16. Other things being equal, the burden of proof rests with neither party automatically. Other things being equal, the first decision must be who must bear the burden of proof. Question 14.14. (TCOs 1, 2) What are the two terms that go into the standard-form categorical claim? (Points : 4) Initial term and background term Plain term and common sense term Category term and individual term Subject term and predicate term First term and second term Question 15.15. (TCOs 3, 4) Each standard form of categorical logic has its own graphic illustration known by what name? (Points : 4) Overlapping regions Block of exclusion JoHari window Venn diagram Square of opposition Question 16.16. (TCOs 3, 4, 8, 9) What circumstances are necessary for two claims to be equivalent? (Points : 4) They would be true in all and exactly the same circumstances. They match perfectly in form but address differing topics. They match but one of the issues cannot be affirmed as true. They both give a graphic illustration of standard-form claims. They express differing relations within the same class or category. Question 17.17. (TCOs 2, 3, 4) Logical relationships between corresponding claims of standard- form categorical logic are illustrated in the graphic square of opposition. What is known about two claims when they are called subcontrary claims? (Points : 4) They would share the same predicate term. They would share the same subject term. They need not be in the same standard form of translation. They can both be true, but they cannot both be false. Only one of them can be true.

17. Question 18.18. (TCOs 2, 3, 4) How do we work the categorical operation called obversion? (Points : 4) By changing the claims from being in the same class to being outside the class By limiting the scope of terms used to those within a class By changing a claim from positive to negative, or vice versa By changing one claim to referring outside of a class but leaving the other one inside the class By making an argument invalid in form Question 19.19. (TCOs 2, 5) What is the purpose of studying a sample? (Points : 4) To establish logical connections among a group of people To observe new and previously unseen factors in a population of people To reduce a study to a manageable size For reasons of economy of both effort and cost To generalize your findings from a sample to the whole set from which the sample is taken Question 20.20. (TCOs 2, 5) In studying a sample, what is meant by the term sampling frame? (Points : 4) A precise definition of the population and the attribute in which one is interested The diversity of the whole population that is being studied Some part of the population intentionally left out of the target population Some biasing factor excluded from the target population The size of the sample itself Question 21.21. (TCOs 1, 5, 8, 9) What is the inductive “fallacy of hasty generalization”? (Points : 4) The acceptance of a lowered error margin A rush to judgment A conclusion based on the earliest results of a sample Letting one’s own biases impact interpretation of results Overestimating the strength of an argument based on a small sample Question 22.22. (TCOs 1, 2) What does “attacking the analogy” mean? (Points : 4) The acceptance of a lowered degree of similarity between analogues Showing that analogues are not as similar as stated or implied A conclusion based on the earliest results of a sample Showing the interpretation of results Overestimating the strength of an analogy

18. Question 23.23. (TCOs 1, 2, 3) What is the difference between an explanation and an argument? (Points : 4) Arguments are specific; explanations are general. Arguments support or demonstrate statements; explanations elucidate something in one way or another. Arguments describe what does happen; explanations describe what will happen. Arguments show the interpretation of results; explanations show the reasons for the results. Arguments make claims; explanations make premises. Question 24.24. (TCOs 2, 6) Aristotle wrote in the Nicomachean Ethics that ethical virtues are what? (Points : 4) Gained by imitating worthy people Natural-born abilities Traits (such as wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance) that we acquire through our abilities of reason and which we practice until they become habits Gained by concentrated study under disciplined teachers, much like coaching Gained by specialized knowledge and study in very precisely defined subjects Question 25.25. (TCOs 1, 6) “If someone appears to be violating the consistency principle, then the burden of proof is on that person to show he or she is in fact not violating the principle.” What fallacy is being committed by the person who violates this statement? (Points : 4) Red herring Inconsistency ad hominem Utilitarianism Justified exception to the rule Strawman 1. (TCOs 3, 6, 7, 9) Here is a passage that contains a rhetorical fallacy. Name that fallacy, and in a paragraph, explain why the argument is irrelevant to the point at issue. Here is your example for this question: An editorial says, “Taxes have jumped by more than 30% in just two years! The governor is working for a balanced state budget, but it’ll be on the backs of us taxpayers, the people who have the very least to spend! It seems pretty clear that these increased taxes are undermining the social structure in this state. Anybody who isn’t angry about this just

19. doesn’t understand the situation and hasn’t figured out just how miserable they are.” (Points : 15) Question 2.2. (TCOs 5, 8) In the example below, identify the presumed cause and the presumed effect. Does the example contain or imply a causal claim, a hypothesis, or an explanation that cannot be tested? If it does fall into one of those categories, tell whether the problem is due to vagueness, circularity, or some other problem of language. Also tell whether there might be some way to test the situation if it is possible at all. Here is your example: The movie No Country for Old Men was a big hit because reviewers gave it a good write-up. (Points : 15) Question 3.3. (TCOs 2, 4) Explain in what way the thinking of the following statement is wrong or defective. Give reasons for your judgment. Joining the military, like voting, is a major responsibility. Since 17-year-olds can serve in the military, it only makes sense that they be allowed to vote. (Points : 10) Question 4.4. (TCOs 3, 9) Suppose that a group of immigrants to the U.S. believes in child sacrifice as an essential part of their religious rituals. If one day the immigrant group becomes so integrated into U.S. society that most of its members no longer believe in child sacrifice, can this be thought of as moral progress from the standpoint of moral relativism? (Points : 10) Question 5.5. (TCOs 6, 7, 9) Here is a short essay about an investigation. There are also four questions/tasks; write a paragraph to answer each one of them. 1. Identify the causal hypothesis at issue. 2. Identify what kind of investigation it is. 3. There are control and experimental groups. State the difference in effect (or cause) between the control and experimental groups. 4. State the conclusion that you think is warranted by the report. Scientists have learned that people who drink wine weekly or monthly are less likely to develop dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. (Daily wine drinking, however, seems to produce no protective effect.) The lead researcher was Dr. Thomas Truelsen of the Institute of Preventive Medicine at Kommunehospitalet in Copenhagen. The researchers identified the drinking patters of 1,709 people in Copenhagen in the 1970s and then assessed them for dementia in the 1990s,

20. when they were aged 65 or older. When they were assessed two decades later, 83 of the participants had developed dementia. People who drank beer regularly were an increased risk of developing dementia. -adapted from BBC News Online (Points : 30) Question 6.6. (TCOs 3, 4, 6) Read this passage below. When you have done so, answer these three questions, writing a paragraph for each question. Your three questions are: 1. What issue is the author addressing? 2. If the author is supporting a position with an argument, restate the argument in your own words. 3. What rhetorical devices does the author employ in this text? The Passage: “Another quality that makes [Texas Republican and former Congressman] Tom DeLay an un-Texas politician is that he’s mean. By and large, Texas pols are an agreeable set of less-than-perfect humans and quite often well-intentioned. As Carl Parker of Port Arthur used to observe, if you took all the fools out of the [legislature], it would not be a representative body any longer. The old sense of collegiality was strong, and vindictive behavior punishing pols for partisan reasons was simply not done. But those are Tom DeLay’s specialties, his trademarks. The Hammer is not only genuinely feared in Washington, he is, I’m sorry to say, hated.” -excerpt from a column by Molly Ivins, Ft. Worth Star-Telegram (Points : 30) Question 7.7. TCOs 7, 8) Read this passage below. When you have done so, answer the question in at least one full paragraph, giving specific reasons. The Passage: Ed likes to argue with just about anybody on just about anything. One of his favorite arguments is against speeding laws. “Why can’t I go as fast asI like?” he asks. “It’s a free country, isn’t it? I have the right, don’t I?” Does Ed have a valid point? (Points : 20) Question 8.8. (TCOs 6, 7, 9) Read this passage below. When you have done so, answer these three questions, writing a paragraph for each question. Your three questions are: 1. What premises is the author using? 2. What conclusions does the author come to? 3. Does the passage contain any errors in reasoning?

21. Either one thinks that there is no reason for believing any political doctrine or one sees some reason, however shaky, for the commitment of politics. If a person believes that political doctrines are void of content, that person will be quite content to see political debates go on, but won’t expect anything useful to come from them. If we consider the other case, that there is a patriotic justification for a political belief, then what? If the belief is that a specific political position is true, then one ought to be intolerant of all other political beliefs, since each political “position” must be held to be false relative to the belief one has. And since each political position holds out the promise of reward for any probability of its fixing social problems, however small, that makes it seem rational to choose it over its alternatives. The trouble, of course, is that the people who have other political doctrines may hold theirs just as strongly, making strength of belief itself invalid as a way to determine the rightness of a political position. (Points : 20) Devry PHIL 447 Week 1 Quiz Latest Grade Details – All Questions 1. 1.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) Categorical logic originated with the work of Aristotle, and it is based on information grouped in classes based upon which pair of logical principles? Student Answer: Inclusion and proportion Exclusion and translation Exclusion and discrimination Inclusion and exclusion 1. 2.Question : (TCO 4) Each of the four standard-form categorical claims in categorical logic can be displayed graphically in a standard way using what logical tool? Truth table Venn diagram Probability graph Syllogism

22. 1. 3.Question : (TCOs 1 & 3) Categorical syllogisms employ two premise claims and a conclusion claim in standard forms, and three significant terms each occur exactly twice in exactly two of the claims. What do we call the term that occurs as the subject term of the syllogism’s conclusion? The minor term The major term The middle term The conjunctive term 1. 4.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) Standard-form categorical claims require that claims in other forms be translated so that the four standard-form claims specify which elements? Nouns and verbs Nouns and adjectives Subject and predicate Verbs and adverbs 1. 5.Question : (TCOs 3 & 4) Truth-functional logic employs truth tables to analyze sets of claims working together in arguments. What is the term that describes the invalid form in which the conditional has its consequent as the other premise? Affirming the consequent Modus ponens Denying the antecedent Undistributed middle

23. Devry PHIL 447 Week 2 Quiz Latest 1. 1.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) The word Since is a : conclusion indicator. premise indicator. probability indicator. deduction indicator. 1. 2.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) Ethos is the mode of persuasion that appeals to the audience’s emotions. that is true beyond a reasonable doubt. that relies upon probability. that relies upon the speaker’s personal attributes. Chapter 2 1. 3.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) The premises of good inductive a : are true beyond any possible doubt. are true beyond a reasonable doubt. support their conclusions. neither answers nor support their conclusions. 1. 4.Question : (TCOs 1 & 3) A lexical definition Student Answer: takes on a special meaning in a given context. reduces vagueness or generality. can be used to persuade. tell us what the word ordinarily means. 1. 5.Question : (TCOs 1 & 3) How would you rewrite the following claim to remedy problems of ambiguity?

24. Do not assume that common sense by itself solves the problem. Volunteer help requested: Come prepared to lift heavy equipment with construction helmet and work overalls. Devry PHIL 447 Week 3 Quiz Latest <pclass=”msonormal” style=”box-sizing: border-box; user-select: initial !important;”>Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct: Multiple Choice 5 3 Grade Details – All Questions 1. 1.Question : (TCO 6) Which is the best answer to this situation? On Thanksgiving Day 1990, an image said by some to resemble the Virgin Mary was observed in a stained glass window of St. Dominic’s Church in Colfax, California. A physicist asked to investigate said the image was caused by sunlight shining through the window and reflecting from a newly installed hanging light fixture. Others said the image was a miracle. Whose explanation is more likely true? 1. 2.Question : (TCOs 7 & 9) It is important to recognize when a rhetorical slanting device is being used to influence your attitude and belief. Here is an example. Choose the answer that best identifies a common device that was shown in the Chapter 5 reading. Bob Marley is the greatest musician who ever lived. What would you say the quoted passage is? Student Answer: Hyperbole A euphemism A weaseler

25. A rhetorical explanation Not a slanter 1. 3.Question : (TCOs 7 & 9) It is important to recognize when a rhetorical slanting device is being used to influence your attitude and belief. Here is an example. Choose the answer that best identifies a common device that was shown in the Chapter 5 reading. “Sure. Obama is an ‘American,’ isn’t he?” The use of quotation marks around “American” has the effect of a weaseler. downplayer. dysphemism. rhetorical explanation. Not a slanter 1. 4.Question : (TCOs 7 & 9) It is important to recognize when a rhetorical slanting device is being used to influence your attitude and belief. Here is an example. Choose the answer that best identifies a common device that was shown in the Chapter 5 reading. “‘Democrat’ equals ‘ideologically homeless ex-communist.'” 1. 5.Question : (TCOs 7 & 9) It is important to recognize when a rhetorical slanting device is being used to influence your attitude and belief. Here is an example. Choose the answer that best identifies a common device that was shown in the Chapter 5 reading. A man who wants to buy a certain used car says this to his wife: “Okay, okay, so it’s got a few miles on it. Still, it may be the only classic Mustang in the whole country for that price.”

26. What is the function of that phrase, “it may be…?” Devry PHIL 447 Week 4 Quiz Latest <pclass=”msonormal” http:=”” www.homeworkminutes.com=”” “=”” style=”box-sizing: border-box; user-select: initial !important;”>.0pt”>>1. Question : (TCOs 2, 7 & 9) Determine which one of the rhetorical devices or fallacies covered so far in our course occurs in the passage below. In a court proceeding: “My client is a single parent and the sole provider for her six children. A guilty verdict will cause irreparable damage to her family. If she is sent to prison, her children will be deprived of the love and care they need from a mother. Please, for her children’s sake deliver a verdict of not guilty.” 1. 2.Question : (TCOs 2, 7 & 9) Determine which one of the rhetorical devices or fallacies covered so far in our course occurs in the passage below. “What’s wrong with soccer? It’s just not American. No one here likes it.” 1. 3.Question : (TCOs 7 & 9) Select the option that best depicts the fallacy found in this passage: In conversation: P: “I swear I saw the Loch Ness monster on my trip to Scotland.” M: “I don’t believeit.” P: “Can you prove that I didn’t see it?” Comments: 1. 4.Question : (TCOs 7 & 9) Select the option that best depicts the fallacy found in this passage: The trouble with impeaching the president is this: Going after every person who occupies the office will take up everyone’s time, and the government will never get anything else done. </pclass=”msonormal”></pclass=”msonormal”>

27. Devry PHIL 447 Week 5 Quiz Latest Grade Details – All Questions 1. 1.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) Categorical logic originated with the work of Aristotle, and it is based on information grouped in classes based upon which pair of logical principles? : Inclusion and proportion Exclusion and translation Exclusion and discrimination Inclusion and exclusion 1. 2.Question : (TCO 4) Each of the four standard-form categorical claims in categorical logic can be displayed graphically in a standard way using what logical tool? Truth table Venn diagram Probability graph Syllogism 1. 3.Question : (TCOs 1 & 3) Categorical syllogisms employ two premise claims and a conclusion claim in standard forms, and three significant terms each occur exactly twice in exactly two of the claims. What do we call the term that occurs as the subject term of the syllogism’s conclusion? 1. 4.Question : (TCOs 1 & 2) Standard-form categorical claims require that claims in other forms be translated so that the four standard-form claims specify which elements? Nouns and verbs

28. Nouns and adjectives Subject and predicate Verbs and adverbs 1. 5.Question : (TCOs 3 & 4) Truth-functional logic employs truth tables to analyze sets of claims working together in arguments. What is the term that describes the invalid form in which the conditional has its consequent as the other premise? Affirming the consequent Modus ponens Denying the antecedent Undistributed middle Devry PHIL 447 Week 6 Quiz Latest Grade Details – All Questions 1. 1.Question : (TCO 1 & 5) Which kind of inductive reasoning is being used in the following sample? Japan has tight immigration laws and their economy is good. The same kinds of laws could work in the U.S. : Generalizing from a sample Arguing from analogy Reasoning from general to general Using a statistical syllogism 1. 2.Question : (TCO 1 & 5) Which kind of inductive reasoning is being used in the following sample? Most of the CEOs you see on television are Republicans, so it is pretty certain that

29. CEOs are going to be Republican. Generalizing from a sample Arguing from analogy Reasoning from general to general Using a statistical syllogism 1. 3.Question : (TCO 6 & 7) Identify the inductive fallacy in the following example: Some say that the stimulus money paid to banks just went straight into the pockets of the bankers. So, do you support or oppose such stimulus plans? Slanted question Self-selection fallacy Weak analogy Vague generality 1. 4.Question : Student Answer: (TCO 2) Identify the error in causal reasoning in the following example: Seventy-five percent of the people with ulcers experience frequent, intense heartburn. If you are experiencing frequent, intense heartburn, there is a 75% chance you have ulcers. Overlooking statistical regression Post hoc, ergo propter hoc Confusing conditional probabilities Confusing explanations with excuses 1. 5.Question : (TCO 5) Identify the method of forming a causal hypothesis in the following example: Whenever I get a cold, it starts with a runny nose. Soon enough, I’m sneezing. Next, my throat gets dry and I am coughing. You have a runny nose, sneezing, dry throat, and coughing. I bet you have a cold.

30. Method of difference Method of agreement Best diagnosis method None of the above Download File Now