Module 6 : Building the assessment matrix

1. Module 6: Building the assessment matrix ILO, 2013

2. Key questions • What is the structure of the assessment matrix? • What are the benchmarks to assess the social protection situation? • What are the main parameters to describe existing schemes? • What are policy gaps and implementation issues? • How to qualify and quantify policy gaps and implementation issues? • What methods can be used to progressively develop a shared diagnosis of the social security situation and recommendations for new or expended SPF provisions?

3. Steps of ABND • Step 1 – Building the assessment matrix including the identification of priority recommendations ABND FACTSHEET • Step 2 – Rapid Assessment Protocol to estimate the cost of implementing the social protection provisions • Step 3 – Finalisation of the assessment report for endorsement and further action by the higher levels of government

4. First step of ABND • Step 1 – Building the assessment matrix including the identification of priority recommendations ABND FACTSHEET • Step 2 – Rapid Assessment Protocol to estimate the cost of implementing the social protection provisions • Step 3 – Finalisation of the assessment report for endorsement and further action by the higher levels of government

5. Structure of assessment matrix • Identifying existing situation in the country Identifying policy gaps and implementation issues, addressing which would complete the SPF Priority policy options, decided through national dialogue Four SPF guarantees

6.  Do all residents have access to essential health care, including maternity care?  Do all childrenenjoy basic income security, providing access to nutrition, education, care, and any other necessary goods and services?  Do all persons in active age who cannot earn sufficient income, enjoy basic income security, particularly in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity, disability?  Do all older persons have basic income security? Benchmarks to assess situation Four basic guarantees:

7. Parameters to describe existing provisions • Unemployment benefit Health care • Child care Invalidity • Public Works Programme Sickness  Employment injury Old-age benefit • Vocational training Survivors’ benefit Maternity

8. Parameters to describe existing provisions

9. Policy gaps Policy gaps: Missing legislation or policy leading to a part of the population being excluded from the complete SPF For e.g. Only formal sector workers and very poor people are entitled to social health protection Only formal sector workers are entitled to a child allowance for pre-school children There is no unemployment protection scheme for workers in case of loss of employment

10. Policy gaps • People not covered • Vulnerable groups, informal workers • Lack of responsiveness of the benefit packages • No portability of benefits • No provisions for unforeseen circumstances like recessions, natural disasters • Insufficient protection • Levels of benefits insufficient to guarantee income security (e.g. non-indexation of pensions) • Benefit package not adapted to existing needs (e.g. travel costs not covered) or changing needs (e.g. long-term care) • Legal framework • Conflict or overlap between laws or roles • Fragmented schemes • Implementing decrees not in place • Ad-hoc policies (no laws) • Lack of clarity • Benefit package not clearly defined

11. Implementation issues • Implementation issues: Despite existing policies or legislation, people do not have effective access to entitlements For e.g. Despite universal access to social health protection, people from rural areas have limited protection due to poor health care infrastructure Enforcement of the Social Security Act is low, due to employers not registering their staff and a lack of resources to reach out to informal sector workers

12. Implementation issues Low enforcement • Non-registration or non-contribution by formal sector employers • Social evasion through outsourcing Fragmentation leading to inefficiencies and administrative burdens Inadequate resources or capacities to reach out to beneficiaries (especially for voluntary schemes) Supply-side shortage • Unequal distribution of facilities and skilled personnel by geography • Ineffective monitoring and evaluation system to keep track of effective implementation of policy Lack of communication • Low awareness

13. Keep in mind special groups Cross-cutting: special vulnerable groups should be adequately covered

14. Qualifying and quantifying policy gaps • What is the scope of existing social security provisions and what contingencies are covered by law? • How many persons are legally covered (in absolute terms and as a percentage of the reference group)? • Is the statutory level of benefits adequate compared to poverty line, minimum wage or other references?

15. Qualifying and quantifying implementation issues • How many persons are effectively covered? • How many persons are “protected” in case of need, i.e. active contributors, affiliated members, eligible groups? • How many are “actual beneficiaries”? • Is the actual level of benefits adequate compared with benchmarks like average earnings, minimum wage or poverty line?

16. Developing priority recommendations • Priority recommendations to achieve the SPF must be agreed upon in discussion with all stakeholders • Discussions involve line ministries, local government representatives, workers’ and employers’ organizations, civil society, and other relevant stakeholders • Discussions may centre around the most relevant recommendations, trade-offs between long-term investments and short-term interventions

17. Methods to complete the matrix • Literature review of available resources • Monitoring reports • Relevant laws and regulations • Annual and statistical reports of schemes and programmes • Contact with institutions responsible for operating the main social protection schemes • Household surveys, labour force surveys, demographic and health surveys, assessments of the health and education systems • Bilateral consultations with relevant stakeholders • National workshops to share and validate findings with stakeholders, and develop priority recommendations