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염색체

염색체. Chromosome. Chromatin Within the eukaryotic cell the DNA is not free, but is complexed with proteins in a structure called chromatin Nucleosome

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염색체

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  1. 염색체 Chromosome

  2. Chromatin Within the eukaryotic cell the DNA is not free, but is complexed with proteins in a structure called chromatin Nucleosome The repeating unit of chromatin consisting of 200 base pairs of DNA coiled around a histone octamer(two each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) ; 110A(in diameter) X 60A(in height)

  3. Chromosome morphology(types): i) metacentric chromosome ii) submetacentric chromosome iii) acrocenric chromosome iv) telocentric chromosome Centromeric Index p / (p+q ) x 100(%) 50.0-37.5%: metacentric chromosome 37.5-25.0%: submetacentric chromosome 25.0-0 % : acrocentric chromosome (by Levan et al, 1964):

  4. Chromosome numbers human(46) cattle(60) swine(38) chick(78) mouse(40)

  5. Karyotype • 염색체의 특성을 그 수와 형태 및 크기로서 나열하여 표시한 것

  6. Somatic Cell & Germ Cell • 체세포(body cell or somatic cell) ; 몸을 구성하는 세포로서 염색체가 이배체(diploid, 2n)로 구성 • 생식세포(germ cell) ; 정자, 난자와 같은 배우자(gamete)를 형성하는 세포로서 반수체(haploid, n)로 구성

  7. Autosome & Sex Chromosome • 상염색체(autosome)란 성 염색체를 제외한 모든 염색체 • 성 염색체(sex chromosome)은 X(Z) 또는 Y(W)염색체

  8. Homologous chromosome • 각 체세포 내에는 쌍으로 형성된 염색체가 존재하는데, 이는 각각 어미와 아비로부터 전달됨에 따라 동일한 형태의 염색체가 존재하게 되는 것임

  9. Locus on chromosome • DNA로 구성된 유전자는 염색체상에 수백내지 수천개가 존재(인간의 유전자는 약 3만여개) • 유전자의 염색체상의 위치를 유전자의 좌위(locus)라 한다.

  10. Allele (대립유전자) • 상동염색체(homologous chromosome)의 경우 유사한 유전자가 동일한 염색체의 같은 좌위에 있을 때 이를 대립유전자라 한다.

  11. Phenotype & Genotype • 표현형(phenotype)이란 외적으로 발현되는 양상을 의미(예, 무각, 유각)하고, • 유전자형(genotype)이란 이들 표현형적 양상을 나타내는 유전자의 구성 형태를 말한다(HH, Hh, hh).

  12. Gamete(배우자) & Zygote(접합체) • Homozygote (HH, hh) • Heterozygote (Hh)

  13. Dominance & Recessive

  14. Chromosome Banding • Q-banding • G-banding • C-banding • R-banding • High-resolution banding

  15. Chromosome Band Nomenclature • Landmarks • Region • Band

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