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ME 290 Global Engineering Professional Seminar

Energy Center. ME 290 Global Engineering Professional Seminar. Grand Challenges!. School of Mechanical Engineering. Grand Challenges for Next 50 Years from Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley: 1943-2005. ENERGY WATER FOOD ENVIRONMENT POVERTY TERRORISM & WAR DISEASE EDUCATION DEMOCRACY

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ME 290 Global Engineering Professional Seminar

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  1. Energy Center ME 290 Global Engineering Professional Seminar Grand Challenges! School of Mechanical Engineering

  2. Grand Challenges for Next 50 Yearsfrom Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley: 1943-2005 • ENERGY • WATER • FOOD • ENVIRONMENT • POVERTY • TERRORISM & WAR • DISEASE • EDUCATION • DEMOCRACY • POPULATION 2004 6.5 Billion People 2050 ~ 10 Billion People

  3. Hot Climate Change From Hoffert • Global temperatures have increased by 1.5 K in just the last 150 years. • Weather changes threaten loss of polar ice, rising sea levels, unpredictable rain falls, crop failures, and loss of many species • Energy solutions must account for global warming

  4. Consider carbon change in earth’s atmosphere Rate of change = rate of addition- rate of removal = Ca-Cr Equilibrium oceans: Red line Mechanical Engineers learn conservation equations and solutions for systems as simple as a balloon to as complex as the Earth

  5. Flat

  6. CROWDED Mumbai, India - Rush Hour http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html 03:05 GMT (EST+5) Jan 29, 2009 World =6,756,918,017 China = 1.37B India = 1.17B Americas = 0.94B Africa = 0.92B Europe = 0.82B The Rest = 1.56B US growth rate 18 births every 4 minutes World growth rate 615 births every 4 minutes

  7. The World is not just “Flat,” it is “Hot and Crowded,” too! http://hbpub.vo.llnwd.net/o16/video/olmk/hfc_preview.mp3 Greatest opportunity for the USA Develop clean sources of energy and export these to restore the US economy and in the process lead to a sustainable world. • Great Opportunity for Mechanical Engineers • Energy has various forms: gravitational, kinetic, heat, elastic, electrical, chemical, radiant, nuclear, and mass. • Mechanical Engineers study energy transformations from one form to another. Total energy is always conserved!* If total energy is conserved, why are we worried about energy shortages?

  8. Transforming Global Energy Resources Oil supply is going down. Global warming is a problem. Which resource will be transformed? 2004 14.5 Terawatts 220 MBOE/day ? 2050 30 -- 60 Terawatts 450 – 900 MBOE/day Source: bp and IEA

  9. Transition to Sustainable Energy Current state (~15 TW) Future state (~30 TW) Technology Deployment Policy Goals: Inform & Accelerate Transition via new Science & Technology and System of Systems Models

  10. SEPAE Solar Bio Energy Wind Clean Coal Electrochemical Power Electronics Hydrogen Nuclear Global Partnerships

  11. Sustainable Transportation Fuels • CO2 Mitigation • -H2CAR • Biofuels • -Cellulose to Ethanol • -Designer Energy Crops • -Bio-refinery Systems • Engineering • Coal to Liquids Clint Chapple (left) and Rick Meilan (right) PNAS Cover, Agrawal et al. From Agrawal et al., PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Science Nancy Ho, Nathan Mosier, Jiri Adamec, and Miroslav Sedlak (left to right)

  12. Hydrogen Systems Boranes: a great way to store Hydrogen High-pressure mixed metal hydrides Timothy Fisher, Suresh Garimella Timothee Pourpoint, P. V. Ramachandran, Jerry Woodall, and students A new, safe, scalable, on-demand, economically viable technology to make hydrogen using aluminum.

  13. Magnetic Fusion (ITER) work at Purdue • Plasma-Material Inter. • Material response under plasma instabilities • Tritium behavior in walls • MHD effects Be first wall W domes • Surface effects • Mixed-material models predictions • Eroded material migration from wall to divertor • PRIME Experiments • Mixed-materials testing in IMPACT (benchmark surface codes) and multiple-beam experiments • High-heat flux materials testing (benchmark HEIGHTS) • Liquid metal behavior Carbon high heat flux plates Slide courtesy of Ahmed Hassanein

  14. Solar Economy Vision

  15. High Efficiency GaP Solar Cells: the Key to a 50% Multi-junction Solar Cell Concentrator System Efficiency High band gap top cell in multi-junction stack needed to achieve 50% (the DARPA target efficiency) SOA: 4 different non-tandem cells gives 43% efficiency with 20 x optical concentration • InGaN does not work • InGaAlP Voc only 1.5V GaP: • could add 17% to SOA eff., Voc=1.85 V • PU GaP: Voc=1.56 V (world’s record) New rules: • no dichroic mirrors • stack is optically in series and electrically in parallel Slide courtesy Jerry Woodall

  16. SEPAE Social, Economic, and Political Aspects of Energy Use and Policy an Energy Center niche Seed Grant Program Results – $1.4 million funding from DOE & NSF • Analysis of Global Economic and Environmental Impacts of a Substantial Increase in Bioenergy Production • Social, Economic, and Political Aspects of U.S. Ethanol Policy

  17. How can you engage in theGrand Challengesas an ME undergraduate?

  18. Model solar influx, heat loss, insulation, & manufacturing coststo design/build a solar oven for TZ

  19. Model rainfall, diffusion, evaporation, pumps, & flow losses, to design/build a sustainable irrigation system for RW

  20. Engineers for a Sustainable World https://globalhub.org/groups/eswpurdue Purdue University Student Energy ClubsPurdue Energy Club | Boiler Green initiative | Purdue Solar Racing

  21. SURF: Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program Goal of the Program: To provide hands-on research experience for undergraduate students that will stimulate their interest in advanced education and possibly in research careers.

  22. Intensive 11-week summer research experience for undergraduates Program benefits for students: • Receive pay for research activities • Receive mentorship from a faculty member and a graduate student • Attend seminars on professional development including graduate school preparation • Participate in the SURF Research Symposium • Network and socialize with other researchers

  23. 193 student participants 25% women, 13% minority students 37 visiting students from 31 institutions Average GPA 3.48 5 Participating Purdue colleges, 21 schools and departments SURF 2008

  24. SURF 2009 May 26 – August 7 • Deadline for applications: March 6th • Target date to notify students: April 6 – 10 • Website – www.purdue.edu/surf • Online application • Professors can post a research project for potential applicants OR recruit their own student • Student stipend $3600 for 11 week program + housing benefit ($1400 provided by college/school/PI) • Minimum 3.0 GPA strongly recommended • Anticipated program size: 140 students • Each college/school to review applications online and provide recommendations to SURF

  25. Vicki Leavitt, SURF Program Manager 49-62349 ARMS 2001 surf@purdue.edu Website: www.purdue.edu/surf Contacts:

  26. Global Energy News • International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2008 • Australian Solar Energy Institute Launched • UAE: Suntech Solar Panels to Power Largest PV Solar Project in the Middle East • Kuwait exploring alternative energy • Kenya eyeing nuclear power as electricity demand soars • South Africa: Eskom considers renewable energy alternatives • Australia: Tests prove coal-to-gas plant feasible • China: Silver lining for wind power industry • Wind energy publications available from the Global Wind Energy Council • Canadian Hydrogen Association: Innovative Clean Energy Hub Could be a First for Ontario • Nigeria: Electricity generation from nuclear energy • Scotland: Power suppliers are turning back the clock to use coal-fired plants as their main source of electricity in a bid to avert potential shortages this winter • Canadian Department of Energy releases preliminary report on New Brunswick wind energy program • Australia: The wind shifts for renewable energy • Pakistan to produce 1000mw wind energy within the next few years • German test plant may lead to clean coal power • Renewable Energy Initiatives in West Africa • European utilities to test new home power plants

  27. Global Energy News • U.K. Challenge: Drastically Change Its Energy Mix in the Next Decade • Australia, China and US in Climate Talks • Cleaning Up Coal's Act • Clean Coal Technologies in South Africa • World's First Really Clean Coal Plant Gets Try-Out in Germany • Mutual Understanding in Clean Energy Cooperation • Government of Canada Invests in British Columbia Renewable Energy Project • Export Markets for U.S. Clean Coal Technology • Israel-Incentives Lure Firms to Produce 'Clean' Electricity • Kenya Looks to Geothermal Power to Fuel Development • Denmark-The Answer to the Energy Problem • Italian Utility Enel Opens its First Clean Coal Plant • Can Coal and Clean Air Co-exist in China? • A Nuclear India is Good for the Globe • Coal-fired Power Plant Faces Opposition in The Philippines • Azerbaijan Gets Ready to Go Nuclear • Powering Africa's Energy Revolution • Japanese Company Offers Solar Energy Solutions • German Research Giant and MIT to Cooperate in Renewable Energy Research Projects • Is the Future Green for China? • G-8 Endorses Halving Global Emissions by 2050 • Challenges Faced by UK Energy Planners • Wind Energy Development in Macedonia

  28. Purdue Energy News Coal, natural gas remain only options for energy sources (1/23/2009)New Energy for America Plan (01/22/09) 'Blending wall' stands in way of ethanol growth--Purdue News (12/19/08) Ex-GM engineer spearheads Bright Automotive's efforts to build 100-mpg hybrid truck (12/19/08) EPA'S Clean Energy WebsitePurdue, IU form joint center on energy policy--Purdue News (10/30/08) More research needed to make good on biofuel promise--Purdue News (10/29/08) Great Lakes Water Quality Conference - 10/23/08 (Purdue Calumet) Harnessing the Wind: Purdue Agricultures, Fall 2008 U.S. Could Derive 20 Percent of Transport Fuel From Waste--NBC Chicago News (10/16/08) Sandia experts to discuss current, future wind energy at Purdue University--Purdue News (10/14/08) More flexible method floated to produce biofuels, electricity--Purdue News (10/14/08) Sen. Lugar meets with Purdue biofuels researchers, tour labs and Purdue Research Park--Purdue News (10/09/08) 'Green' Home to be Built in BioTown USA--Purdue News (10/09/08)

  29. Energy News • Purdue establishes multidisciplinary energy systems center--Purdue News (10/08/08) Experts can talk about 'clean coal' technology--Purdue News (10/07/08) Clean Energy Bill signed by President Bush (10/03/08) Physical Facilities puts Green Week prize into student project--Purdue News (10/03/08) Purdue Research to Make Solar Energy in Indiana More Viable Option--WBAA (09/29/08) Green Week PresentationsGreen Week Poster Session Winners!NSF to Invest $18.5 Million in Green Grid Technologies (09/08/08) John Lumkes, Purdue Ag and Bio Engineering, on Home Construction and Energy Use--Purdue News (09/08/08) Hydrogen Road Tour (08/11/08) Energy Expert Offers Ideas for Conserving Electric Power (08/04/08) Endowed Chair in Energy

  30. Battery Workshop: What can Indiana do to be a leader in battery technology?Friday, February 27, 2009 from 9:00 AM - 3:00 PM (ET)West Lafayette • Event Details • The Energy Centers at Purdue University West Lafayette and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis will host a battery workshop on Friday, February 27 in Stewart Center on the Purdue West Lafayette Campus.  The workshop is designed to build the Indiana battery research community by introducing battery researchers and users.  Speakers will be drawn from industry and campuses across Indiana.  This is an informal planning workshop and will include a working lunch and next steps brainstorming.  All interested researchers and industry representatives are welcome to attend.  Contact Ron Steuterman ( 765.494.4437), John Schneider ( 765.494.0743), or email energy@purdue.edu for more information.   

  31. http://www.purdue.edu/dp/energy/CCTR/ Assessment of the Quality of Indiana Coals for Integrated Gasification of IGCC PerformanceMaria Mastalerz et al., Indiana Geological Survey ~ December 11, 2008 Coal and the Economy Robert W. Shanks, Arch Coal Inc. ~ December 11, 2008 Steel Production and the Industrial EconomyEric Knorr, ArcelorMittal ~ December 11, 2008

  32. Pioneers in Energy Lecture Series • OverviewOver the past five years, Purdue has hosted world-class speakers such as the late Nobel Laureate Richard E. Smalley, who won the 1996 Nobel Prize in chemistry, Salomon Levy, National Academy of Engineering member and president of S. Levy and Associates Inc., and Lawrence L. Kazmerski, NAE Member, and Director of the National Center for Photovoltaics at the Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory to discuss energy challenges. • MissionTo ensure and support lectures & visits by the best speakers in the field of energy research to the Purdue University, West Lafayette campus. The goals of this series are to increase understanding of specific energy challenges and to promote interactions with prominent scientists in order to build a stronger Purdue energy research community across colleges and departments. • All lectures are free and open to the general public. • Next Lecture • Dr. Michael Ramage"Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies: A Focus on Hydrogen"Thursday, March 26, 2009, 7:00 PM Mechanical Engineering Building, Rm. 161 • Contact UsENERGY CENTERPotter Engineering Center500 Central Drive, Rm. 322West Lafayette, IN 47907E-mail: energy@purdue.eduwww.purdue.edu/dp/energy • REGISTER HERE

  33. 2009 Hydrogen Symposium http://www.purdue.edu/dp/energy/events/2009hydrogen/index.php • Participants from across the Globe. • Herbert C. Brown Award • Purdue and GM have worked closely together to develop the next generation H2 tank

  34. 2009 Second Generation Biofuels Workshop http://www.purdue.edu/dp/energy/events/2009biofuels/ • Second generation biofuels do not compete with food • Economics, trade and policy are woven into the second generation biofuels considerations • Logistics and supply chain management important • New and innovative machines are needed for biomass handling, drying, grinding, separation, loading and processing.

  35. Energy is a grand challenge problem that must be addressed simultaneously with environment, climate change, economics and globalization. • World is not just flat, it is hot, flat and crowded. America needs Energy Technology (ET) to address the challenge and can recover using ET much stronger than she recovered using IT. • MEs and Purdue have a strong role to play and many resources on the Energy Center website and beyond for you to get “Energized.”

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