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Thailand: The Saraburi Dairy Farming Project. Background. Began in 1984 to encourage dairy farming among women in Muek Lek land area in the Saraburi Province in Central Thailand
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Background • Began in 1984 to encourage dairy farming among women in Muek Lek land area in the Saraburi Province in Central Thailand • Result of cooperation between the Svita Foundation, the Bangkok Bank, the Thai Institute of Scientific Research and the Saraburi provincial administration.
Activity Profile • Muek Lek Region Crop Profile • 82% Maize (Production) • 17% Mungbean and Soybean (Production) • 1% Rice (Family consumption) • Average Net Income of 10, 000 Bt ($270.00)
Analysis of FactorsInfluencing Access and Control • Economic Conditions: Average Family Income: 10,000 Bt ($270.00) • Poor but not impoverished area • Families could borrow money at a 20% interest rate which, although steep, helped many make it through times of drought
Analysis of Factors: • Thai government appeared to support increased milk production within the country • Limited dairy imports • Forced dairy companies to purchase 10 units of local milk for every unit of imported powder
Analysis of Factors • Demand for milk: • Between 1972-1982, the demand for milk grew 25% every year. • In 1983, production of milk lagged behind production.
Summary of Muek Lek Prior to Dairy Project • Women andmen share the productive and reproductive labor • Men have more control of resources and benefits • The majority of farmers are poor • The demand for milk is high and the government supports local production.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Role in Project Identification Women's Needs • Increased production without travel time • Increased control if the cows and income belonged to the women • A project that can be streamlined to the current product demands of the surrounding area.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Role in Project Identification Women’s Needs - In Saraburi, women and men were consulted at the preliminary stages of project planning.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Role in Project Identification Defining General Project Objectives - The project objectives were explicitly related to and adequately reflect women’s needs Increased Access: cows do not need to graze so they will be near home. Increased Control: Women will be in control of production and, hopefully, profit.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Role in Project Identification • Defining General Objectives • A a number of local women participated in setting objectives. • Earlier efforts to get dairy production off of the ground in Thailand did not involve a women’s initiative.
The Project Cycle Analysis Women’s Role in Project Identification • Defining General Objectives • Lessons from earlier programs: • In 1960’s – Thai/Danish dairy project began and by 1980’s was experiencing some difficulties • Low yields from cross-bred cows/Lack of infrastructure • New project would include imported cows that would produce a higher yield.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Role in Project Identification • Possible Negative Effects • The only negative effects could be a women borrowing from the bank to buy a cow and then encounter difficulty in raising it. • In the study, one women’s cow died but she was able to recover financially by purchasing another one and making a profit.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design • Project Impact on Women’s Activities • The project affects production and, in turn, reproduction. • The project does not plan to change the women’s locus of activity. • This is not a missed opportunity for women’s role development because of how the local women respond to the increased income.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design • Impact on Women’s Access and Control • Women will have access and control of their cows (resources) • This does not necessarily mean that the women will control the benefits.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design Implementation • Personnel • The project is sufficiently aware of and sympathetic to women’s needs. • Women are involved at every level of project implementation. • Training: 71% of those trained were women
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design Implementation • Organizational Structures • The organizational form does enhance women’s access to resources • Money • Cows • Supplementary Materials
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design Implementation • Organizational Structures • The organization does have the power to to obtain resources needed by women from other organizations. • The Thai government is backing the project and is invested in its outcome. • There is the financial capability to help the women through the transition process.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design Implementation • Operations and Logistics: • Delivery channels are accessible to women. • The feed mill is in the village and is operated by the dairy farmers. • There are NOT mechanisms in place to make sure that the project resources and benefits are not usurped by males. (Mill) • Free veterinary services
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design Implementation • Finances • Funding levels are adequate for program continuity • Bangkok Bank and the Women’s World Banking • It is possible to trace the funds for the women from allocation to delivery with a fair degree of accuracy.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Design Implementation • Flexibility • There does not seem to be a management information system that helps to detect the effects of project on women. • There does seem to be flexibility within the project to adapt.
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Implementation • Data Requirements: • Tools in put in place to measure financial data: • Maize Farming: 10,000 Bt (270 USD) • Dairy Farming:37,000 Bt (999 USD)
The Project Cycle AnalysisWomen’s Dimension in Project Implementation • Collection and Analysis: • There is not a mechanism in place to measure impact on women. • The project was largely established to augment female farmer’s income and so the measurement stops with the finances.
