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Exam Review: Literary Terms. 1. Point of View. Point of View: The perspective of the narrator (the person who tells the story). 1 st Person Point of View. The narrator is a character in the story. Narrator reveals personal thoughts. Use of the pronouns “I” and “we”. Example.
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Point of View: The perspective of the narrator (the person who tells the story).
1st Person Point of View • The narrator is a character in the story. • Narrator reveals personal thoughts. • Use of the pronouns “I” and “we”
Example • Iwent to the store with my friend. The clerk said, “Hi.” Webought candy and left.
3rd Person Limited Point of View • The narrator in NOT part of the story. • Narrator has access to one character’s thoughts • Does not use the pronoun “I”
Example • Brian saw Jesse at the park. Wow he looks so different, Brian thought.
3rd Person Omniscient Point of View • The narrator in NOT part of the story. • Narrator has access to several characters’ thoughts • Does not use the pronoun “I”
Example • Brian saw Jesse walking across the street. Wow he looks so different, Brian thought. Jesse didn’t see Brian. He was thinking about his upcoming soccer game.
1. Which passage has a first person point of view? • Whenever Mr. Gabriel came in as our substitute teacher, we smiled. He was the funniest teacher we had ever had. His classes always gave us plenty of laughs!
2. When a story has a first person point of view, readers know- • A. only what the narrator knows
3. From what point of view is this story told? Sari handed the last of her hard earned money to the cashier and sighed. She had really wanted to buy some new clothes with her money. Instead, she was paying for a silly phone card.Sari’s dad knew she was unhappy, but he had been forced to take her cell phone away from her when she disobeyed their parent-child phone contract. He hoped she would learn a lesson.
Third Person Limited 4. Jared could get straight A’s and play basketball like a pro. But he seemed unhappy. His best friend Tony felt badly for Jared. Yet, Tony did not know how to help him. A. third person omniscient B. third person limited
Third Person Limited • 5. Hannah looked up at the dark sky. It looked exactly like she felt today, sad and gray. She sighed quietly as Tasha went on and on about last night’s game.
Conflict: A struggle which the protagonist (main character) must face
A. Individual vs. Individual • The protagonist comes into conflict with another individual • Ex 1: Helen fights with her mother about her boyfriend.
B. Individual vs. Self • The protagonist’s struggles occurs in his/her head. • Ex. Jeremy wants to ask out a girl but he’s too afraid to get rejected.
C. Individual vs. Society • The protagonist comes into conflict with or feels oppressed by a societal group (culture, law, country, organization etc.) • Ex. Melissa stands on trial for murder.
D. Individual vs. Nature • The protagonist struggles against a natural force (weather, land, animals, illness etc.) • Ex. A young man is abandoned at sea on a wooden raft.
E. Individual vs. Supernatural • The protagonist struggles with a force with supernatural abilities. • Every night, a ghost torments Lily as she sleeps.
Which conflict? • Douglas sighed. There was a time when he could climb the stairs without any problems. Now, at eighty-three years old, it was a challenge. • Individual vs. Nature
Which Conflict? • Maria was annoyed. The only people that were promoted to high positions were male employees. • Individual vs. Society
Which Conflict? • Summer wanted to quit the basketball team. It was so tiring and stressful. But she feared that her coach would get mad at her, so she stayed with the team. • Individual vs. Self
III. Symbolism • When an object or concept represents a different idea.
Introduction: The beginning of the story, where readers meet the main character(s) • Rising Action: The main character encounters a conflict • Climax: One side in the conflict “defeats” the other (Turning Point). This is the highest point of interest in the story.
Falling Action: Other characters react to the climax. Conclusion: The story ends.
V. Theme • An idea, message or perspective which is presented in a story. • The theme is rarely stated. Usually you must do some thinking to find out what it means. • A theme is usually a statement NOT just one or two words.
Example 1: The Tortoise and the Hare • Hard work and dedication pays off. • Arrogance and overconfidence will lead to your downfall.
