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1. Imperialism: The Spanish-American War, Acquiring New Lands

   Chapter 18
2. Just Do It! Take out your notes from last class! Answer under the summary box on your notes: When, if ever, is it justified for a country to colonize another country?
3. Imperialism Imperialism:– def. – the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
4. Imperialism Access to natural resources such as rubber, petroleum, etc… Outlet for a country’s growing population (send people to colonies) Merchant ships and naval vessels needed bases around the world to refuel (coal and supplies) Spread Christianity Make the world like the West (Europe and U.S.) Markets Reasons for Imperialism:
5. Imperialism Well-organized governments Powerful armies and navies Superior technology (medical and military) Reasons for Success
6. Imperialism Colonies – Territory settled and ruled by people from another land Protectorates – Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power (Egypt was a protectorate of Great Britain) Spheres of Influence – Areas in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges (many European countries claimed spheres of influence in China) Types of Imperialism:
7. Imperialism How did the U.S. abandon its traditional isolationist policy? How did the U.S. expand its influence in the world?
8. Imperialism Main Idea – The “global economy” caused the U.S. to compete by expanding. The U.S. went to war with Spain in order to help Cuba win its independence. As a result, the U.S. gained new territories but had conflicts in several territories.
9. Imperialism and America Imperialism Hawaii
10. Causes of Imperialism Causes of Imperialism in the U.S. Desire for military and naval strength “Global economy” – def. - growth in international trade – U.S. looking for new markets for raw materials and for finished goods Belief in cultural superiority
11. Hawaii Background: Hawaii was important to the U.S. location in the Pacific = halfway to China U.S. wanted to establish a naval base in Hawaii = Pearl Harbor U.S. military helped to overthrow Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Annexation of Hawaii by U.S. complete by 1898
12. Spanish-American War Background : Cuba was under control of Spain Americans were heavily invested in Cuba – millions of dollars were invested in Cuba’s large sugar cane plantations Cubans resented Spain’s control and wanted their independence Cuban rebelled against Spain between 1868 – 1878 (they were not successful)
13. Cuba Background: Cuba revolted against rule by Spain, revolt led by Jose Marti Yellow journalism – def. – sensational reporting that exaggerates the news to enrage readers Used to make American public sympathize with Cuba and fight Spain De Lome Letter – insulted U.S. President McKinley – angered American public
14. Rudyard Kipling The White Man’s Burden Poetry Analysis
15. Unites States Reaction U.S. Press wants war with Spain Hearst and Pulitzer very vocal Pres. McKinley wants to avoid war
16. Cuba and the Spanish American War U.S.S. Maine – U.S. naval ship that exploded in Havana, 260 U.S. sailors killed Explosion was an accident, but reporters blamed Spain SIG – U.S. declared war on Spain
17. Spanish American War
18. Spanish American War (1898) U.S. navy defeated Spanish navy in the Philippines U.S. army defeated Spanish army in Cuba San Juan Hill – U.S. victory that featured a cavalry charge by Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders”
19. Treaty of Paris (1899) Cuba received independence from Spain U.S. got territories of Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain Spain got $20 million from U.S. SIG – U.S. = major world power
20. PLATT AMENDMENT Platt Amendment: U.S. asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs SIG- made Cuba a “protectorate”- def. – a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power Limits Cuba’s right to make treaties with other countries Allowed U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary Made Cuba to sell or lease land for U.S. naval or fueling stations (Guantanamo Bay)
21. New Lands Acquired China Panama
22. China viewed as a potential market for U.S. goods Open Door Policy (1899) – developed by Secretary of State John Hay, stated that all nations should have equal trading rights in China Goal was to end “spheres of influence” by European powers and Japan
23. China China’s weakness leads to European powers (Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia) making China to divide into spheres of influence Spheres of Influence- where a foreign nation has exclusive rights over trade, mines, and railroads
24. BOXER REBELLION Caused by Chinese resentment of foreigners Fists of Righteous Harmony begins rebellion In 1900, they attacked Western missionaries and traders in northern China, killing 300 Laid siege to foreign settlement in Beijing Rebellion ends as international force enters
25. Panama U.S. (and President Teddy Roosevelt) wanted a canal across Central America Goal was to shorten the distance, time and costs between Atlantic and Pacific U.S. encouraged and supported Panama rebellion against Colombia
26. Panama Canal The Panama Canal was built by the U.S. and opened in 1915 U.S. paid Panama $10 million for the canal zone, and leased land for $250,000 each year for 99 years U.S. paid Columbia $25 million for lost territory SIG – canal was a success, but it hurt U.S. relations with Latin American countries
27. Influential Presidents Roosevelt Taft
28. Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt “Big Stick Diplomacy” – def. – use diplomacy when possible but have a strong military to back up your policies if needed Roosevelt Corollary – def. – added to the Monroe Doctrine, said that U.S. would be the police power in the Western Hemisphere in dealing with Latin American nations SIG – hurt relations between Latin American countries and U.S.
29. GREAT WHITE FLEET 1907- President Roosevelt sends 4 destroyers and 16 battleships on world cruise Roosevelt- “the Pacific was as much our home waters as the Atlantic”
30. William Howard Taft “Dollar Diplomacy” – def. – Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America Promised business interests that the U.S. would intervene if investments were threatened SIG – hurt relations between Latin American countries and U.S.
31. US Foreign Policy Activity In your groups, travel to each station and read each information sheet. Complete the chart provided. You will have approximately 5 minutes to complete each station.