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All About Roses By: Duane DeDene. Introduction. Origins and Types of Rose What to Look For When Purchasing a Rose How to Plant a Rose Spring and Summer Care Insects and Diseases ID and Control Pruning of Roses Question and Answer. Origins & Types of Roses. Hybrid Tea.
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Introduction • Origins and Types of Rose • What to Look For When Purchasing a Rose • How to Plant a Rose • Spring and Summer Care • Insects and Diseases ID and Control • Pruning of Roses • Question and Answer
Hybrid Tea • Most popular of modern rose types • The classic rose • Usually single stems but – sometimes side buds • Large blooms with typically between 30 & 50 petals per bloom – but can be as few as 5
Floribunda • Bears flowers in large clusters – usually more than one bloom in flower at a time • Massive, colorful, long lasting displays • Blooms more continuous than HT • Hardier than HT • Better in wet weather • Easier to care for than HT
Grandiflora • Cross between Hybrid Tea & Floribunda • Bears single blooms of HT quality • Bears clusters of blooms – 3 to 5 blooms • Blooms have classic HT shape • Queen Elizabeth – the first and very good Grandiflora variety
Shrub/English • Known for their hardiness • Produce large quantities of clusters of flowers • Includes the David Austin English roses • Becoming more and more popular
Miniature • Hybrid Tea Form in miniature size • Miniature refers to the bloom not necessarily the bush • Versatile – garden, pots/patios • Own root stock • Easy to grow
Purchasing a Rose What to Look For • Field Grown – 2 years old • Grade 1 (first choice), maybe Grade 1 ½, never Grade 2 – American Nursery Standards – based on the size & number of canes • ARS Rating – 7.5 or higher – the higher the rating the better the rose • Canes should be bright green, no splits in bark • Leaves should be dark green, no signs of disease • Three or more canes – each at ½” diameter • Grafted or Own Root – that is the question
Packaging • Bare Root – from mail order, wide variety • Potted – found in nurseries, bare root but with a head start • Boxed – found in nurseries, Jackson Perkins, do not plant the box, treat as bare root, purchase early in the season • Plastic Bag – found in nurseries, discounters, typically non-patented varieties, treat as bare root, questionable value Garden Bed • Raised or Ground Beds (do not use creosote preserved boards for garden borders) • Minimum of 6 hours full sun – the more the better • Well drained • Sandy Loam Soil mixed with organics (well rotted manure, peat. compost)
Planting Bare Root Roses • Plant soon after receiving • Soak plant 24 hrs prior to planting • Remove damaged canes and roots • Prune canes and extra long roots as needed • Dig hole deep enough so bud union is 2” to 3” below final soil surface • Dig wide enough to easily fit roots • Make soil cone for roots • Fill hole ½ with soil and use fingers to tamp (not fist) • Water and let settle • Fill remainder of hole and water • Cover new plant with soil or paper bag for 2 to 3 weeks – gently uncover
Planting Potted Roses • Water rose well the night before planting to ensure a moist root ball • Most potted roses are planted high in the pot (bud union above the soil) - Dig hole deeper than the pot so bud union is 2”-3” below final soil level • Dig hole 2-3 times wider than the pot • Set pot in hole to check depth • Gently tap entire root ball out of the pot and set in hole • Fill ½ of hole with prepared soil, water in and let settle • Fill remaining hole with soil to final level, water in and let settle • No need to mound as the rose bush has already been prepared
Spring & Summer Care Pruning Fertilizing Watering Insects and Diseases – ID and Control
Pruning of Roses Types • Spring – typically more severe • Maintenance – dead heading, shaping • Thumb – removing unwanted buds to enhance remaining blooms Procedure • Use sharp bypass (scissor type) pruners • Cut at 45 deg angle approx. ¼” above outside facing bud or 5 leaflet • Center of cane (pith) should be creamy white/greenish white (not brown) • Seal cuts with weather proof Elmers glue • Remove dead and damaged canes • Remove crossing canes • Open up the center of the bush for better air circulation • Remove weak and spindly growth – puts energy into good canes
Fertilizing & Watering Fertilization • Important to have soil tested to determine what is needed • Roses are heavy feeders • Apply between April and end of August – none after August 31st, helps rose slow growth and prepare for winter • Types • General or Specific • Chemical or Organic • Granular or Liquid • Immediate or Time Release Watering • Roses don’t like wet feet – 1-inch water (rain or irrigation) per week • If possible water early in the day – allows leaves to dry helping prevent sunscald and spreading of fungal diseases • Apply water at base of bush. However, overhead watering is OK • Water deeply allowing water to soak down to roots
Insects & Diseases Identification and Control
Aphids Ways to Control • Wipe off with your fingers • Water spray with the hose • Use insecticide
Japanese Beetles Ways to Control • Pick them off by hand • Use insecticide • Don’t use traps
Rose Slugs Ways to control • Pick off by hand • Use insecticide
Flower Thrip • Very small (0.12 cm) sucking insect • Attack mainly the flow bud and bloom – petals turn brown or get brown spots/streaks • Light colored (white, yellows, apricot) roses seem most attractive • Remove and dispose of infested blooms • Can use insecticides but need to get early and must take care if on open flowers to get inside the bloom • Multiple applications may be needed for control
Leaf Cutter Bee Harmless – purely aesthetic
Blackspot Very common rose disease Prevention & Control • Clean Garden – remove leaf litter etc. from around plants • Clean bush – remove bottom leaves up about 3-4 inches, • Mulch around bushes • Maintain good air circulation • Spray roses with fungicide on regular basis – 10 day intervals • Remove infected leaves – do not put in compost
