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A Day-1/18/2012 B Day-1/19/2012

A Day-1/18/2012 B Day-1/19/2012. Objective TLW be introduced the causes, characteristics, and consequences (3C’s) of the French Revolution through class centered notes, and video questions Agenda TAKS Progressive Quiz #2 French Revolution Class Notes

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A Day-1/18/2012 B Day-1/19/2012

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  1. A Day-1/18/2012 B Day-1/19/2012 • Objective • TLW be introduced the causes, characteristics, and consequences (3C’s) of the French Revolution through class centered notes, and video questions • Agenda • TAKS Progressive Quiz #2 • French Revolution Class Notes • French Revolution Video and Video Questions

  2. A Day-1/20/2012 B Day-1/23/2012 • Objective • TLW be introduced the causes, characteristics, and consequences (3C’s) of the French Revolution through class centered notes, and video questions • Agenda • TAKS Packet #3 (Important Events in US History) • Conclude French Revolution Class Notes • Napoleon Video Project/Independent Study • Conclude French Revolution Video and Video Questions

  3. Definition of Revolution • A radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure, esp. one made suddenly and often accompanied by violence. • an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

  4. Causes of French Rev.

  5. French Social Dvisions:The Estates The Third Estate: Everyone Else • 98% of the population • Bourgeoisie: top of the third estate, the middle class • Most were rural peasants • Poorest members were urban workers The First Estate: The Clergy • Enjoyed enormous wealth and privilege • Many clergy condemned the Enlightenment for undermining religion and moral order • Paid NO taxes The Second Estate: The Nobles Land owners. Some had little money, others were very wealthy Hated absolutism and resented the royal bureaucracy Feared losing their privileges, especially their freedom from paying taxes Paid NO taxes

  6. THE THREE STATES, 1789

  7. Causes of the French Revolution • Debt from two wars – 7 Years War and American Revolution • Poor Harvests – food prices soar resulting in hunger • Deficit Spending:The government spending more money that it takes in (half the tax income went to pay the interest on the debt) How does the government solve this problem? • Court Expenses – Madame Deficit – Lavish court life

  8. Convening of the Estates General May, 1789 • King was broke from war & could no longer borrow money • King wanted to ask Nobles for more $$ • King would listen to the “Cahiers” (Grievances) • Nobles said Gov’t must hold “Estates General” • A National assembly in which each of the three social classes was represented – Not met since 1614 • Nobles planned to gain more power from the King – what they get is a revolution.

  9. The Tennis Court Oath • Each Estate would elect delegates & have equal 1/3 representation – The 3rd Estate didn’t believe this to be fair b/c they made up 98% of the population – why should they not have more voice in the government, wanted Direct Democracy • Took an oath to form the National Assembly

  10. Each Estate would elect delegates & have equal 1/3 representation – The 3rd Estate didn’t believe this to be fair b/c they made up 98% of the population – why should they not have more voice in the government. National Assembly • Members of the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly • They invited members from other estates to help them write a constitution for the people

  11. The Storming of the Bastille King wanted to break up the Assembly King reluctantly recognized the New National Assembly Bastille Day is the French national holiday to commemorate the 14th of July 1789 storming of the fortress-prison Bastille, the event symbol of the uprising of a modern republic and the end of a ruthless monarchy. King Louis asked, “Is it a revolt?” A noble replied, “No, Sire. It is a Revolution.”

  12. August 1789 – National Assembly • abolished the privileges of the nobles • Confiscated Church Lands • Issued “DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN” • Claiming government rested on popular sovereignty, not divine right. • All Frenchman “free and equal” • “LIBERTY, EQUALITY, & FRATERNITY” • A written constitution was drafted & adopted, creating a national legislature, & making France a “Constitutional Monarchy” (form of government in which the monarch’s power is shared with popular assembly & is limited by law and tradition)

  13. Constitution of 1791 3 branches of government – Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Voting Rights – Lawmakers elected by tax paying citizens (male) Church – Ended interference in government Taxes – Made nobles and clergy pay taxes

  14. THE REVOLUTION TAKES A RADICAL TURN March of the Women October 5-6, 1789 • Due to Poor Harvest in 1789 - A spontaneous demonstration of Parisian women for bread – demand to see the king and especially the EVIL Marie Antoinette

  15. The French MonarchyMarie Antoinette and Louis XVI – Forced back to Paris to be watched over

  16. Louis XVI “accepts” the Constitution and the National Assembly of 1791 FRANCE is a REPUBLIC

  17. Louis XVI - Pig Radicals Take Over Convention/ Committee of Public Safety/ Reign of Terror/ Robespierre 1793-1794 • Called for the election of a new legislative body: The National Convention • Controlled by Jacobins • Abolished the monarchy Marie Antoinette Serpent

  18. Arrest & Execution of King Louis XVI • January 1793- Louis XVI “tried” and executed – Discovered he had been plotting against them all along • Guillotine- Instrument of death! • October 1793- Execution of Marie Antoinette

  19. The Death of “Citizen” Louis Capet The French Republic Was seen as threat by other European Rulers. France had been at war since 1792 & parts of France were in chaos. Matter for reflectionfor the crowned jugglers. So impure blooddoesn’t soil our land! Video Clip

  20. Maximillian Robespierre(1758 – 1794) The Committee of Public Safety – took over in1793 & will stabilize France with the “Reign of Terror” • Leader of the Committee of Public Safety – 12 members –almost absolute power to save Revolution • “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their head.” – “republic of virtue” thru terror • Who was safe? No one • “The Incorruptible” • Embraced Rousseau’s idea of the general will as the source of all legitimate law. • Religious toleration and abolish slavery

  21. The Reign ofTerror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day! • The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months. • The total number of victims nationwide was over 40,000!

  22. The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939!

  23. The Radical’s Arms: No God!No Religion!No King!No Constitution! • The Committee will: • De - Christianize France • Mass Conscription – require all males to serve in Army • France will eventually win the Wars The Convention will now turn against Robespierre and his radicals

  24. The Arrest of Robespierre - Executed

  25. IMPACT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

  26. The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 – 1821) • From lower nobility on island of Corsica • Attended Military School in France • One of most gifted Generals in World History After Fall of Robespierre: • Still at war w/ Britain, Austria, & Russia • Napoleon will lead French Armies to victories in Europe • 1799 – Napoleon seizes power in France, where the government had become unpopular • Negotiates peace with other power, even Britain Video Clip

  27. Napoleon was born here on the Mediterranean island of Corsica

  28. December 1804 – crowns himself Holy Roman Emperor The Rise of Napoleon 1805 – War against all of Europe – by the end of the 1805, he defeats all except Britain

  29. The Fall of Napoleon Napoleon’s ambitions – unite all of Europe against him • 1809 – Spain Rebels • 1812 – Napoleon invades Russia with the “Grand Army” (600,000 men) • Defeats the Russians, but Russians will not surrender – instead burn Moscow as Napoleon approaches as winter arrive • The “Grand Army” can not survive the harsh winter – forced to march back. Few survive the long march faced with typhus, starvation, and suicide • After Russia – All of Europe unites to defeat Napoleon in 1814 • Napoleon is exiled, but reappears in 1815 & ruled for a brief period. • The Battle of Waterloo in June 1815 – last defeat of Napoleon, the allies will imprison him on a distant island in the Atlantic , where he died in 1821.

  30. Napoleon’s Impact on France, Europe, and the World

  31. Restoring the Old Older Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna • European rulers met to redraw boundaries of Europe & settle many issues from the Revolution & Napoleon • The Allies sought to establish a Balance of Power • a system in which no single power like France could become so powerful that it could threaten to dominate the other countries in the system Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country Social reforms: abolish slavery, de-Christianize France

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