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Sea clay River clay Peat Sandy soils Loamy soils

Soil map. Sea clay River clay Peat Sandy soils Loamy soils. Dutch coast of the Northern Netherlands. Dutch Coast of Holland. River region. Higher sandy soils. Valley of a small stream. Formation of bog. Vegetation as a protection against weather influences.

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Sea clay River clay Peat Sandy soils Loamy soils

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  1. Soil map Sea clay River clay Peat Sandy soils Loamy soils

  2. Dutch coast of the Northern Netherlands

  3. Dutch Coast of Holland

  4. River region

  5. Higher sandy soils

  6. Valley of a small stream

  7. Formation of bog

  8. Vegetation as a protection against weather influences

  9. Do you really believe that noise will be reduced by a screen of trees?

  10. Aesthetical value of trees

  11. Aesthetiacal value of trees

  12. Warning of an entrance by an accent

  13. Hiding of industries behind trees

  14. Filling up space and giving protection against the wind around the buildings

  15. Trees marking a bend in the road and preventing the light of the cars shining in the houses during night

  16. Well placed trees to prevent annoying sunshine for automobilists in the morning orthe evening

  17. Degree of screening Wall: the planting blocks all vision Curtain: even, partial visibility through the planting Window: opening in the planting

  18. Edge: maximum planting height 0.5 m Articulation: planting height between 0.5 and 1.5 m Partition: planting height between 2 and 5 m Screening: plantingis higher than 5 m Degree of screening

  19. Even clear vertical : no variation in texture Layered: clear vertical variation in texture Degree of uniformity

  20. Edgeprofile upright overhanging receding

  21. Straight and ‘hard’: the planting has straight contours and ‘hard’ boundaries Ragged and ‘soft’: the planting has irregular contours and vague edges Degree of naturalness

  22. Structure Trees with occasional shrubs Shrubs with occasional trees Trees Trees with a shrub margin Trees with a shrub layer Shrubs

  23. the tree layer with a shrub layer 1 tree plantation 2 tree plantation with occasionally shrubs 3 shrub plantation with occasionally trees 4 shrub plantation 5 tree plantation with a shrub margin Open spaces in woodland Cultural process or planted Natural process of forming open spaces in woodland Cultural process or planted

  24. This is necessary to ensure sufficient daylight penetration tree planting with a shrub margin Tree planting with a shrub margin

  25. Suppression of species

  26. Artificial succession

  27. Daylight penetration

  28. Lime (winter) Lime (summer)

  29. 1. Soil containing humus 2. Capillary zone 3. Water table Fig. 67 Groundwater level approx. 1.25 m:Roots and branches: above ground = below ground Deep groundwater level: roots ‘search out’ water Soil and groundwater

  30. Fig. 70 Tree pit ` A. Sinkhole B. Sawn kerb, min. length 500 C. Kerb type Cru 80 D. Tree grille Cruquius concrete blue limestone colour 1200 x 1200 x 120 E. Air grate F. Dark paving brick (size, 20x6.6x6) G. Dark paving brick (Waal size, 20x5x7)

  31. Cross-section pavement root corridor road/main sewer pavement with cables and pipes

  32. Modern tree pit design for the trees in the Plantagemiddenlaan, Amsterda groundwater grondwater compacted street sand verdicht straatzand gravel bed grindbed heavy clay zware klei drainage drainage bicycle path fietspad parking places parkeerplaatsen tree soil, compacted in two layers bomen grond met twee verdichte lagen road rijbaang asphalt asfalt soakaway zinkput pipe between drain and soakaway verbindingsbuis tussen drain en zinkput

  33. Planting effects

  34. Visual effects loose groups and solitaires rows rhythm canopy screen wall

  35. Road and street planting from the carriageway screen / row wall Inner rows are lifted higher than outer rows flat canopy canopy, vault

  36. Place and habitat Narrow street Wide street Tree and tramway Traffic Open space

  37. Closed screen or wall

  38. Hedges that form a pattern or composition of lines hedge along watercourse contrast hedge in open space hedge bordering car park harmony hedge as part of a mass hedge enclosing a garden partition edges hedge round a kindergarten background to a border hedge bordering a shrub bed complete screen shelter for seating edge

  39. Crown raising Crown raising near building Crown along a canal Partial crown lifting Crown raising in a street Crown raising in grass

  40. Pruning hedges vertical rounded tapered

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