Structures of the lymphatic system

1. Structures of the lymphatic system • Lymph fluid • Lymph vessels • Lymph nodes • Lymph glands 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

2. The Lymphatic System What are the functions of the lymphatic system? 1- Fluid Balance (Lymph acts an intermediary between blood in capillaries and interstitial tissue/cells and lymph vessels transport excess fluid back into blood.) 2-Lymphocyte Production (Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Thymus) 3-Filtration (Lymph Nodes/Tonsils) 4-Immunity 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

3. The Lymphatic System Complete Immunity Notes Handout 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

4. The Lymphatic System Immunity • Sometimes pathogens and foreign invaders penetrate a person’s first line of defense; unbroken skin—the body’s ability to resist these invaders and diseases they cause is • called Immunity. • 2 general types are: • Natural Immunity • Acquired Immunity • Think about how sneezing relates to immunity. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

5. The Lymphatic System Natural immunity The immunity you are naturally born with (unbroken skin, secretions, mucus, tears, WBCs, inflammatory response.) Acquired Immunity When body encounters foreign invaders it creates a substance to fight it (antibody)and tries to make itself permanently resistant to invader. Develops over lifetime May be passive or active 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

6. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Passive Borrowed immunity Acquired artificially by injecting antibodies from the blood of other people or animals into a person’s body to protect them from a specific disease produces immediate immunity that lasts only from 3-5 weeks, then the antibodies are inactivated by person’s own immune system. Provides immediate temporary protection Ex: baby acquires PAI at birth & from breastfeeding. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

7. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active Lasts longer 2 types of Active Acquired Imm. • Natural • Artificial 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

8. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active Natural Result of having had and recovered from a disease As the body produces antibodies to combat future infection Ex: Chicken Pox 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

9. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active Artificial Inoculation; receiving vaccine gives person a mild form of the disease so they can create antibodies to fight future infection. Ex: Hepatitis B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

10. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity Active Artificial Should immunizations be required? Why or why not? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

11. Structures of the lymphatic system • Lymph fluid-similar to plasma • straw-colored • clear • tissue fluid • Carries digested • food, O2, and • hormones to tissue • cells. • - Carries wastes (CO2, & • urea) from tissue cells back • to capillaries for excretion. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

12. Structures of the lymphatic system • Lymph vessels • parallel to blood vessels • No pump, so transports lymph • by pushing it thru vessels via contraction of skeletal muscles 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

13. Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

14. Structures of the lymphatic system • Lymph vessels • Lacteals • Specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

15. Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph surrounding tissue cells enters small lymph vessels—which join to form larger lymph vessels (lymphatics) eventually forming 2 main Lymphatics • Thoracic duct • AKA called the Left Lymphatic duct • receives lymph from the left side, abdomen, empties into heart • Right Lymphatic duct • receives lymph from R arm, upper R side head and upper trunk empties into heart • Lymph flows only in one direction-from body organs to • the Heart. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

16. Structures of the lymphatic system • Lymph nodes • tiny, oval-shaped structures • range in size from a pinhead to an almond Lymph node 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

17. Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph nodes Acts as a filter for pathogens or foreign substances, produces lymphocytes (WBCs) which enter blood stream and produce antibodies. Can become inflamed if large qty harmful substances cannot be destroyed by lymphocytes. Found in clusters in axillary (armpit), cervical, groin, and abdominal areas. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

18. Structures of the lymphatic system • Tonsils-Lymph Nodes • 3 pairs • masses of lymphatic tissue • Palatine tonsils • sides of throat • Adenoids • upper throat • (pharynx) • Lingual tonsils • back of tongue 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

19. Structures of the lymphatic system Since Tonsils are lymph nodes, they play an Important part in our immunity. Tonsils get smaller as person ages. “Why?” 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

20. Structures of the lymphatic system Spleen • Sac-like mass • Largest lymphatic • Located in the LUQ • Stores RBCs • Destroys old RBCs • Forms WBCs • Filters blood 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

21. Structures of the lymphatic system Thymus gland • located in the upper, anterior chest • also an endocrine gland (secretes hormones) • Produces lymphocytes • Large in children, gets smaller as age 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

22. Lymphatic System Diseases/Disorders Hypersensitivity/Allergic-When body’s immune system fails to protect itself against foreign materials, anti-bodies form and cause irritation; rash, sneezing, etc… Occurs in people who are hypersensitive/allergic to allergens such as grass, animals, medicines, foods, bees, etc.. Tx: stay away from allergens, or take antihistamines 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

23. The Lymphatic System Anaphylacticshock • Severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction to an allergen. Result of an antigen-antibody reaction that causes massive release of histamines (increases secretions) • What are the symptoms? • breathing problems (dyspnea), hypotension, headache, facial swelling, stomach cramps, vomiting • Treatment? EpiPen injection of Adrenalin/ Antihistamine 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

24. Go to this link for instructions on Epi Pen administration http://youtu.be/EN83hen4D-Y 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

25. The Lymphatic System HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Blood-borne pathogen that destroys lymphocytes of body’s immune system • No sxs or may have mild flu-like sxs that disappear within a week that may not occur for another 10 years or more. Transmitted thru blood, sex, In utero to babies, and sharing of IV drugs. No treatment/cure! 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

26. The Lymphatic System AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome (AIDS)- Text 321-324 Also go to AIDShealth.org for More information on HIV/AIDS What is the history of the disease? Give a description of the disease: What is the incubation period? What are the symptoms? What is the treatment? Prognosis? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

27. The Lymphatic System Cancer Go to American Cancer Society.org for more information What is cancer? Who gets cancer? Why is it included in the lymphatic system? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

28. The Lymphatic System Hodgkin’sdisease : American Cancer Society.org What is Hodgkin’s disease? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

29. The Lymphatic System Infectiousmononucleosis What is mononucleosis most often called? What causes it? How is it treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

30. The Lymphatic System Lupuserythematosus What is the classic symptom of lupus? What other symptoms might present? How is lupus managed? What is the prognosis? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

31. The Lymphatic System Lymphadenitis What is it? Lymphadenitis What are the symptoms? How is it treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

32. The Lymphatic System Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic. Lymphedema What is it? What causes it? How is it treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

33. The Lymphatic System Scleroderma What is it? What causes it? What are some complications of scleroderma? How is it treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

34. The Lymphatic System Tonsillitis What are the symptoms? What are the usual treatments? Why would you have your tonsils removed? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system