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Text linguistics

Text linguistics. “Text”. the spoken or written evocation of an event or series of events (p.193). Event. Homer eats crap. Event Schema: Doing. Event. Homer eats crap. Event Schema: Doing. “Text”. I.e., ‘one or more sentences’. “Text”. I.e., ‘ one or more sentence s ’. “Text”.

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Text linguistics

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  1. Text linguistics English 306A; Harris

  2. “Text” • the spoken or written evocation of an event or series of events • (p.193) English 306A; Harris

  3. Event • Homer eats crap. • Event Schema: Doing English 306A; Harris

  4. Event • Homer eats crap. • Event Schema: Doing English 306A; Harris

  5. “Text” • I.e., ‘one or more sentences’ English 306A; Harris

  6. “Text” • I.e., ‘one or more sentences’ English 306A; Harris

  7. “Text” • texere • to weave • text • utterances (usually sentences) woven into a perceived whole English 306A; Harris

  8. “Text” • Clusters of language, • at least two clauses big, perceived as a functioning unit: woven language. English 306A; Harris

  9. But, intonation, volume, rate, pitch, … Notice that this is a partial ‘return’ to the ideational function, to the filtering off of context. • woven utterances • - paraverbal elements • - nonverbal elements • = text gesture,“bodylanguage”, clothing, … I.e., intonation, rhythm, gesture, “body language,” and other circumstantial overlays are excluded from the notion of text. English 306A; Harris

  10. “Text” • For purposes of analysis, that is, we close our eyes to para- and extra-verbal dimensions. English 306A; Harris

  11. Missing the typographical boat • In written communication, the text is almost all there is. • (p.180) English 306A; Harris

  12. Missing the typographical boat • In written communication, the text is almost all there is. • (p.180) Wrong English 306A; Harris

  13. Typeface Weight Space Proximity Shape Size Colour Medium …. Missing the communication-design (RPW/RCD) boat English 306A; Harris

  14. Textual function = Weaving function The elements and dimensions of language that serve to weave a discourse together. English 306A; Harris

  15. Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms • Cohesion (elements) • achieved by formal devices, usually lexico-syntactic • semasiological • Coherence (dimensions) • achieved by conceptual devices (‘ideas’) • onomasiological English 306A; Harris

  16. Text—Perceived wholeThe two weaving mechanisms Form • Cohesion (elements) • achieved by formal devices, usually lexico-syntactic • semasiological • Coherence (dimensions) • achieved by conceptual devices (‘ideas’) • onomasiological Content English 306A; Harris

  17. A text • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  18. RepetitionCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  19. ReferentialCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  20. Balance (symmetry, parallelism, isocolon)Cohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract morefrom your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heartfrom whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  21. Functional linkingCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour thanwhen you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  22. RepetitionCohesion • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are heldyourdefensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  23. Repetition-PolyptotonCohesion • It is true (Ladies) yourtongues are heldyourdefensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales yourtongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  24. Coherence • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  25. Referential Coherence • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  26. Referential Coherence • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. English 306A; Harris

  27. Relational Coherence • It is true (Ladies) your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. Local conceptual relations--between two, or a few, proximal clauses. English 306A; Harris

  28. Relational Coherence cohesion • It is true (Ladies)your tongues are held your defensive armour, but you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. That Ivory guard or garrison, which impales your tongue, doth caution and instruct you, to put restraint upon your Speech. In much talk you must of necessity commit much error, as it leaves some tincture of vain-glory, which proclaims the proud heart from whence it proceeded, or some taste of scurrility, which displays the wanton heart from whence it streamed. The relation of contrast defense (of honour); detraction (from honour) Local conceptual relations--between two, or a few, proximal clauses. English 306A; Harris

  29. Coherence relations • your tongues are held your defensive armour • Contrast • you never detract more from your honour than when you give too much liberty to that slippery glib member. X, but consider not-X (or compromised X) English 306A; Harris

  30. Coherence relations • your tongues are a way to defend your honour • Contrast • you detract from your honour by using your tongue too much X, but consider not-X (or compromised X) Coherence relations concern PROPOSITIONS, meanings, not sentences per se. English 306A; Harris

  31. Cohesion / Coherence • Cohesion (& coherence) • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Coherence (low cohesion) • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. English 306A; Harris

  32. Cohesion without coherence (?) • A week has seven days.Every day I feed my cat.Cats have four legs.The cat is on the mat.Mat has three letters. English 306A; Harris

  33. Cohesion/ Coherence • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Evidence (premise, warrant) • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. English 306A; Harris

  34. Cohesion / Coherence SubordinatorA word that puts one clause into a specific syntactic relationship with another clause (i.e., a subordinate relationship); functional linking. • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, becausehe’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. English 306A; Harris

  35. Cohesion / Coherence • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. Shysters have low credibility. Trust requires credibility. English 306A; Harris

  36. Cohesion / Coherence • Cohesion • Knowing the words and/or structure • Semasiological • Subordination • Don’t trust McBean, because he’s a shyster. • Evidence • Don’t trust McBean. He’s a shyster. • Coherence • Knowing the ideas, the reasoning, the meaning • Onomasiological English 306A; Harris

  37. Text LinguisticsCohesion / Coherence • Cohesion--formal, semasiological • Structural • Repetition, balance, functional linking • Coherence—conceptual, onomasiological • Referential • Topical; definite, indefinite • Relational • Paratactic (among nuclei) • Hypotactic (between nucleus and satellite[s]) English 306A; Harris

  38. English 306A; Harris

  39. Referential coherence--Topical • When the Star-Belly Sneetches had frankfurter roasts • Or picnics or parties or marshmallow toasts, • They never invited the Plain-Belly Sneetches. • They left them out cold, in the dark of the beaches • They kept them away. Never let them come near. • And that’s how they treated them year after year. English 306A; Harris

  40. Referential coherence--Topical • When the had frankfurter roasts • Or picnics or parties or marshmallow toasts, • They never invited the Plain-Belly Sneetches. • They left them out cold, in the dark of the beaches • They kept them away. Never let them come near. • And that’s how they treated them year after year. English 306A; Harris

  41. Referential coherence--Topical • Prominence • Star-Bellies—focus • SB’s actions—topic • and/or • Plain-Bellies—focus • PB’s treatment—topic • SB’s/PB’s perspectives • (actions vs. feelings) English 306A; Harris

  42. Referential coherence--Definite/Indefinite • Definite • Established, understood, ‘given’ • Indefinite • Presented, unknown, ‘new’ “The man is at the door” “A man is at the door” English 306A; Harris

  43. Referential coherence--Indefinite • A stranger zipped up in the strangest of cars. • Signalled by an indefinite determiner (a, an, some). • Used to introduce (new) topics and characters. English 306A; Harris

  44. Referential coherence--Definite Now, the Star-Belly Sneetches Had bellies with stars. Signalled by a definite determiner (the). Used to refer to understood (given, old) topics and characters. English 306A; Harris

  45. Referential coherence • Phrasal • Identical • Partial • Proformal • Anaphoric • (Cataphoric) • Elliptical English 306A; Harris

  46. Referential coherence / Repetitious cohesionPhrasal (content words, not proforms) • Identical (full repetition) • Star-Belly Sneetches… blah blah blah … Star-Belly Sneetches • Plain-Belly Sneetches… blah blah blah … Plain-Belly Sneetches • Sylvester McMonkey McBean… blah blah blah … Sylvester McMonkey McBean English 306A; Harris

  47. Referential coherence / Repetitious cohesion Phrasal (content words, not proforms) • Partial (reduction) • Star-Belly Sneetches…blah blah blah … Star-Bellies … • Sylvester McMonkey McBean…blah blah blah … McBean • Partial (paraphrase) • Star-Belly Sneetches…blah blah blah … Sneetches with stars • Plain-Belly Sneetches…blah blah blah … Sneetches without [stars on their bellies] English 306A; Harris

  48. Referential coherence Proformal (not content words) • When theStar-Belly Sneetchesihadjfrankfurter roasts • Or ØiØjpicnics or Øi Øjparties or Øi Øj marshmallow toasts, • Theyi never invited the Plain-Belly Sneetchesk. • Theyi left themk out cold, in the dark of the beaches • Theyi kept themk away. Øi Never let themkcome near. • And that’s how theyi treated themk year after year. i k English 306A; Harris

  49. Referential coherence Proformal (not content words) • Star-Belly Sneetchesi • Anaphoric • Theyinever invited … • Elliptical • Øi never let them … English 306A; Harris

  50. Referential coherenceProformal (not content words) • Cataphoric • Theyi… Star-Belly Sneetchesi English 306A; Harris

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